Prenatal development

Question 1

Most major organ development occurs during which period?

Answer 1

Embryonic period

Question 2

When does human development begin?

Answer 2

fertilization

Question 3

Where does fertilization, or conception, occur?

Answer 3

Fallopian tube or uterine tube

Question 4

What is the role of the stem cell?

Answer 4

form each of the cell types contained in the human body

Question 5

Where does implantation occur, and when does it begin?

Answer 5

• Occurs in the uterine wall

- Begins 6 days after fertilization

Question 6

What is the role of the placenta?

Answer 6

• Interface between maternal and embryonic circulatory system
• Delivers medication, hormones, oxygen, and nutrients to fetus
• Produces hormones and maintains body temp above mother’s
• Prevents embryo’s and mom’s blood from mixing

Question 7

Which three layers are formed by the epiblast?

Answer 7

• ectoderm
• endoderm
• mesoderm

Question 8

Ectoderm gives rise to which organ systems?

Answer 8

1. brain
2. spinal cord
3. nerves
4. skin
5. nails
6. hair

Question 9

Endoderm gives rise to which organ systems?

Answer 9

1. Lining of respiratory system
2. Digestive tract
3. liver
4. pancreas

Question 10

Mesoderm gives rise to which organ systems?

Answer 10

1. heart
2. kidneys
3. bones
4. cartilage
5. muscles
6. blood cells

Question 11

What are the three sections of the brain formed by 3 weeks?

Answer 11

1. forebrain
2. midbrain
3. hindbrain

Question 12

Tubular Heart is formed by what age of the fetus?

Answer 12

3-4 weeks

Question 13

Which is the first body system to achieve a functional state?

Answer 13

Circulatory system

Question 14

What is the role of the amniotic fluid during pregnancy?

Answer 14

Provides protection embryo from injury

Question 15

At what age are the cerebral hemispheres formed?

Answer 15

5 weeks 2 days

Question 16

At what age is cartilage forming?

Answer 16

5.5 weeks

Question 17

At what age do reflexive movements occur, and why is this important?

Answer 17

• Reflexive movements occur at 6 weeks and 6 days

- Necessary for normal neuromuscular development

Question 18

At how many weeks is the diaphragm formed?

Answer 18

6 weeks

Question 19

Brain waves are detectable as early as?

Answer 19

6 weeks 2 days

Question 20

Ossification occurs where first?

Answer 20

Clavicle and upper and lower jaw

Question 21

Startle response occurs as early as?

Answer 21

7 weeks 3 days

Question 22

At how many weeks is coordination beginning development within a zero-gravity environment?

Answer 22

8 weeks

Question 23

How many distinct anatomic structures are present at the end of the embryonic period?

Answer 23

4000 distinct anatomic structures

Question 24

More than __ of the structures found in adults are present by the end of the embryonic period.

Answer 24

90%

Question 25

The fetal period occurs from __ weeks until birth.

Answer 25

9

Question 26

Light touch to the feet results in what?

Answer 26

Bend hip and knee and may curl toes

Question 27

What process is occurring in most bones by 10 weeks?

Answer 27

Ossification

Question 28

Response to ________ throughout most of the body (except top of head and back) is present at 12 weeks

Answer 28

light touch

Question 29

Rooting reflex present at _____ to assist with feeding.

Answer 29

12 weeks

Question 30

Sense of fetal movements call quickening occurs at how many weeks?

Answer 30

Between 14 and 18 weeks

Question 31

What is the purpose of vernix?

Answer 31

Protects the skin from the irritating effects of anionic fluid

Question 32

What is the “age of viability”? Why?

Answer 32

- 21-22 weeks | - survival outside the womb becomes possible for some fetuses due to the lungs ability to breath

Question 33

Blink-startle response is present at what age?

Answer 33

24 weeks

Question 34

Exposure to loud noises can result in what changes in the postnatal period?

Answer 34

- Adversely effects fetal health - Prolonged increased heart rate - Excessive fetal swallowing - Abrupt behavior changes - Hearing loss

Question 35

Pupils respond to light at what age?

Answer 35

27 weeks

Question 36

Somersaults in zero-gravity environment are occurring at what age?

Answer 36

6 months 3 weeks

Question 37

Complex and coordinated movement patterns are frequently occurring, followed by periods of rest at what fetal age?

Answer 37

7 months 2 weeks

Question 38

How is labor induced?

Answer 38

Release of large amounts of estrogen