DCD Flashcards
Motor coordination markedly below expected levels for the child’s chronologic age and intelligence, which significantly interferes with academic achievement or ADL’s; Does not meet criteria for Autism; Not due to a general medical condition
If intellectual disability is present (IQ must be greater than 69); motor difficulties are in excess; Motor impairments need to (-) affect other areas of life
DCD
- can occur alongside CP, PDD, LD, ADD/ ADHD
- only recognized as a problem when it results in failure to satisfy environmental demands
What is likely to be a comorbid condition with DCD?
Learning Disability
- 90% of children with LD have motor coordination and visuomotor problems
Difficulty in acquisition of language, reasoning, and/or social skills
Learning disability
- Listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, and or math
- CNS dysfunction: Not the result of environmental influences or social/emotional issues
- when it involves motor skills, it is DCD
What are the possible impaired brain structures responsible for DCD?
- Parietal lobe (holds internal copy of past movement)
- Supplemental motor area
- Cerebellum
- Basal ganglia
- Anterior 1/ 2 of periventricular white matter and frontal lobe
What are body structure and function impairments with DCD?
- Neurological soft signs
- Visuoperceptual, visual-spatial, visual motor
- Slow performance relying on feedback instead of feed forward
- Slow reaction time and movement time
- Response latency
- Poor timing, rhythm and force control
- Reduced power and strength
- Reduced ability to successfully inhibit and action
- Clumsiness - do NOT outgrow clumsiness
What are soft neurological signs of DCD?
- Low muscle tone
- Muscle weakness - Esp. hands (or core)
- Poor coordination - Positive Rhomberg
- Choreiform movements- Tremor
- Right-left discrimination- Finger agnosia
- Visual tracking problems
- Extinction of simultaneous stimuli
- Exaggerated associated movements
How do you differentiate whether the child’s problem is a developmental delay versus a developmental coordination disorder?
with DD, all primary domains are impaired
What standardized tests are used in DD?
- PDMS-2
- BOT-2
- Battle developmental inventory
What standardized tests are used for DCD?
M-ABC
- screening checklist and norm-referenced exam
- best test for DCD
- BOT-2 under identifies, and M-ABC over identifies
Why do you need a team approach for diagnosing DCD?
Need to test all domains in order to rule out other diagnosis
What might a parent say in an interview for a child with DCD?
- Messy when eating and dressing
- late walkers
- late talkers
- falls a lot
- excessive frustration
- take to longest to get into or out of an activity
- poor handwriting
- unable to ties shoes
- last one picked for physical activity teams, etc
What impairments might you see with joint stability in kids with DCD?
poor joint stability:
- Joints hyperextensible: Leans on hands all day-much energy goes into sitting up
- Fixing patterns
- Elevated and internally rotated shoulders
- Internally rotated hips and pronated feet
- Knees hyperextended
What things might you assess for postural control in DCD?
- low m tone
- poor joint stability
- sitting/ standing = lordotic back, knees positioned close together or hyperextended
- Quadraped = scapular winging, flexed wrists, lordotic back
What characteristics of dyspraxia are seen in children with DCD?
- Motor performance is inconsistent
- Motor performance is easier if self-directed - Spontaneous (ie PE suffers, may do better on the playground)
- Motor performance is often labored and time intensive
- Successful performance often times requires visual or verbal cues
What is the sequence for motor planning/ praxis?
- ability to organize, plan, and execute skills
1. Imitation
2. Ideation
3. Construction
4. Feedforward/Feedback
5. Grading
6. Timing and Sequencing
