Growth and development Flashcards
How much should an infant weigh by 6 months? 12 months?
6 months = doubled birth weight
12 months = tripled birth weight
How much length should an infant gain in the 1st 6 months?
1 in/ month
How much length should an infant gain in months 6- 12?
½ in/ month
What is the last fontanel to close? when?
anterior, 9-18 months
when do teeth begin to erupt?
about 6 months
- should have about 6 by 1 yr
When does an infant recognize his primary caregiver?
4 months
when does an infant distinguish his primary caregiver from others?
6 months
When does an infant begin stranger anxiety? separation anxiety?
both 8-10 months
- separation anxiety peaks 14-18 months
how much weight would you expect a toddler (1-3 years) to gain?
5-10 pounds/ year
how much height would you expect a toddler to gain?
3 inches/ year
What does a toddler’s social emotional domain look like?
- no autonomy
- easily frustrated, temper tantrums
- egocentric (me, I want)
What does a toddler’s cognitive domain look like?
Concrete:
- understands yes/no but not why
- consequential action = if I take a toy away from my sister I will go in time out
What are the categories of play?
- Exploratory
- physical
- functional
- social/dramatic
- constructive
- games
What are the levels of play?
- Unoccupied
- solitary
- onlooker
- parallel
- associative
- cooperative
type of play: observing, Standing still or random movements
Unoccupied
type of play: Alone, maintains focus on activity; uninterested in or unaware of what others are doing
Solitary
- 5-12 mos: plays toys by themselves, doesn’t care about playing with other individuals
- toddlers as well
type of play: Watches others, but does not engage in the play; may engage in forms ofsocial interaction, such as conversation about the play, without actually joining in the activity.; Sometimes asks questions, but not actually joining activity
onlooker
- toddler, sometimes 4 y/o
type of play: Plays separately but close to others, same activity or mimicking actions
parallel play
- AKA adjacent, social coaction
- toddlers, preschool
type of play: interested in the people playing but not in coordinating their activities with those people, OR no organized activity at all, there is a substantial amount of interaction involved, but the activities are not in sync
associative
- preschool age
type of play: interested both in the people playing and in the activity they are doing; activity is organized, and participants have assigned roles; Self-identification and group identify
cooperative
- grade school age
how much weight would you expect a preschooler (3-5 years) to gain?
3-5 pounds/ year
how much height would you expect a preschooler (3-5 years) to gain?
2 inches/ year
What does a preschooler’s social/emotional and cognitive domains look like?
- Initiative vs. Guilt- Independently starting tasks, but need acceptance to continue exploring
- Imaginative Play- Peak of fantasy and imagination (ie Santa and Sponge Bob are real)
- Increased Fears and Anxiety - Nightmares, Monsters under the bed; Fear of separation and abandoment
- Strong Social Relationships by 5
- Gender/Role Identity
resistance of muscle to passive elongation or stretch when an individual attempts to maintain muscle relaxation; degree of residual contraction in resting
muscle tone
