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childhood development > prenatal development > Flashcards

prenatal development Flashcards

1
Q

what is a zygote? how is it formed?

A

fertilized egg

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2
Q

what is a blastocyst? when does a zygote become a blastocyst?

A

dividing group of cells, 4-6 days

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3
Q

what are some reasons that the woman’s body eliminates prenatal abnormality?

A

egg and sperm did not join properly, mother is not healthy/able to carry child, etc.

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4
Q

what is a trophoblast? what does it become later?

A

outer group of cells, placenta

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5
Q

what is the embryonic disk? what does it become later?

A

inner cells, beginning of embryo

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6
Q

what does the amniotic fluid do for the developing organism?

A

protects fetus from injury and temperature changes

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7
Q

what is the purpose of the umbilical cord?

A

connect placenta to embryo, delivers blood loaded with nutrients and removes waste

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8
Q

what is implantation bleeding?

A

fertilized egg/zygote attaches to uterus

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9
Q

when does the heartbeat of the developing organism begin to beat?

A

4 weeks

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10
Q

when does the central nervous system begin to form?

A

3 weeks

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11
Q

what week of pregnancy do neurons begin to form?

A

5 weeks

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12
Q

when do most women find out they are pregnant?

A

5-6 weeks

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13
Q

what percentage of women report not having any symptoms of pregnancy by 8 weeks?

A

10%

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14
Q

by the end of the embryonic period, what has happened? what are the only organs that have not developed?

A

all basic organs and body parts except for sex organs

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15
Q

when is the developing organism considered a fetus?

A

9 weeks until birth

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16
Q

what is the focus on fetus time?

A
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17
Q

trimester 1

A

first 3 months

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18
Q

trimester 2

A

6 months

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19
Q

trimester 3

A

9 months

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20
Q

when does touch sensitivity of the developing organism begin to develop?

A

9-12 weeks

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21
Q

when do the sex organs begin to differentiate?

A

12 weeks

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22
Q

when does mom start to feel a developing organism?

A

16-20 weeks

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23
Q

what is the vernix? when does it develop? what is its purpose?

A

thick greasy substance to protect baby’s skin from getting wrinkly, 2nd trimester

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24
Q

when can babies survive outside the womb? when does the baby’s chance of survival increase?

A

22 weeks, 26 weeks increases

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25
Q

what is folic acid?

A

important nutrient for pregnant women

26
Q

what disorder is associated with not consuming folic acid?

A

spina bifida

27
Q

what does stress do to the mother’s hormones and how does this impact the baby?

A

reduces flows of oxygen, weakens immune system

28
Q

what maternal ages are associated with smoother pregnancy?

A

20-35 yrs

29
Q

what paternal ages are associated with smoother pregnancy?

A

under 40 yrs

30
Q

teratogen

A

agent that causes abnormal prenatal development

31
Q

how can you ensure that diseases do not impact the developing organism?

A

not contract disease before or during pregnancy

32
Q

how does smoking cigarettes impact pregnant women and the baby?

A

constricts blood vessels and reduces the flow of oxygen

33
Q

how does alcohol impact the baby?

A

smaller than normal, physical deformities, developmental disabilities

34
Q

FASD vs p-FAS

A

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder vs partial fetal alcohol syndrome

35
Q

what are braxton hicks? when do women feel? What can women do to prevent them?

A

third trimester, when the muscles tighten across the stomach to tone the uterus muscles and prepare the cervix for birth, relaxing and changing positions

36
Q

what is crowning? what is breeching?

A

top of baby’s head is visible, feet/butt leaves first

37
Q

how does natural labor help the baby adapt to the world?

A
38
Q

what is the role of cortisol?

A

helps baby withstand oxygen deprivation, causes lung to absorb the remaining fluid, baby becomes alert

39
Q

what is fetal monitoring?

A

electronic instruments used to track baby’s heart rate during labor, 85% of births

40
Q

medical reasons for c sections?

A

developmental problems, breeching, genital herpes, placenta/umbillical problems, stalled labor, previous c section

41
Q

c section risks for mom?

A

infection, blood loss, organs, extended recovery time

42
Q

c section risks for baby?

A

premature, breathing problems, lower apgar scores

43
Q

what is a perineal tear? how common is it?

A

80% of women, tear between vagina and anus

44
Q

what is episiotomy? when is it recommended?

A

planned incision on perineum, when baby is distressed or tear is likely

45
Q

how is a tear/epistomy treated?

A

stitches

46
Q

how to avoid a tear?

A

massages, keep it warm

47
Q

what is epidural? cons?

A

medicine injected into area around spinal cord

lower blood pressues, feeling of illness, risk of newborn not feeding properly, prolonged labor

48
Q

if a woman is interested in home/water births, what are important factors to consider?

A

health risks, infant mortality

49
Q

APGAR screener? factors scored? score range? when do they do it? when is a baby more likely to score higher?

A

evaluate newborn’s conditions, 1 and 5 minutes after birth, 7+ baby is good, 4-6 baby needs assistance, 3 baby is in danger

50
Q

what is the average birth weight? low birth weight? negative outcomes?

A

7.5 lbs, -5.5 lbs

51
Q

preterm babies

A

serveral or more weeks before due date

52
Q

small for date babies

A

below expected weight considering length of pregnancy

53
Q

interventions for preterm babies? isolette? kangaroo care?

A

plexiglass enclosed bed to regulate body temperature and filter air to prevent infection, vertical position on caregivers chest

54
Q

neonatal behavioral assessment scale? when is it done?

A

2 months old, 28 behavioral items and 18 reflexes, motor and state and automatic and social

55
Q

infant reflexes?

A

regular nonrem sleep, rem sleep, drowsiness, quiet alertness, waking and crying

56
Q

how much do we expect newborns to sleep?

A

16-18 hours daily

57
Q

why do babies cry? what are the first things we should do when a baby cries?

A

basic cry, pain cry, mad cry, validate feelings

58
Q

physical changes mothers experience? vaginal bleeding?

A

breast milk, uterus reducing, 4-6 weeks of bleeding because of blood vessels after placenta detaches

59
Q

2 books from gottman institute to support couples and families? when are they appropriate?

A

seven principles for making marriage work, baby makes three

60
Q

baby blues vs postpartum depression?

A

irritability, resentment, crying spells

changes in hormones, history of depression, larger environmental factors

childhood development (11 decks)

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