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childhood development > 3/11 language development > Flashcards

3/11 language development Flashcards

1
Q

phonology

A

sounds

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2
Q

semantics

A

word meanings

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3
Q

syntax

A

rules for sentence structure

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4
Q

pragmatics

A

rules for communication

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5
Q

broca’s area

A

supports grammatical processing and language production

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6
Q

wernicke’s area

A

plays role in comprehending word meaning

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7
Q

phonemes

A

unique sounds that can be joined to create words

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8
Q

infant phonemes

A

born with ability to understand in any language

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9
Q

phonemes as babies grow

A

they will only notice the linguistic distinctions meaningful in their own language

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10
Q

cooing age

A

2 months

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11
Q

babbling age

A

6-9 months

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12
Q

baby signs age

A

6 months

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13
Q

joint attention

A

infants gaze in the same direction as adults

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14
Q

joint attention age

A

3-4 months

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15
Q

when do infants start to realize that a person’s gaze signals a connection between viewer and surroindings?

A

12 months

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16
Q

when do baby’s first words appear?

A

12-18 months

17
Q

language specialization

A

goes from universal ability to communicate in the languages in the infant’s environment

18
Q

language explosion

A

after about 50 words, they begin to learn a lot of vocabulary very quickly

19
Q

underextension (language)

A

applying words too narrowly

20
Q

overextension (language)

A

incorrect application of small label to larger class

21
Q

expressing meaning (language)

A

after about 200 words, they start combining words

22
Q

holophase

A

single word that expresses a thought

23
Q

telegraphic speech

A

two word sentences that follow proper grammar

24
Q

500-10,000 words age

A

6 years

25
Q

fast-mapping

A

connecting new words with existing categories

26
Q

logical-extension

A

using a new word to describe other objects in the same category

27
Q

objects or verbs learned more easily?

A

objects are learned more easily than verbs

28
Q

how do infants learn language?

A

operant conditioning (reinforcement and correction)
imitation (vocab input and help from parents’ skills)

29
Q

5 month old given cochlear implant

A

typical infant babbling, resembles peers at 3-4 years

30
Q

hearing not restored by age 2

A

remain behind in language development

31
Q

hearing not restored by age 4

A

language delays are severe and persistent

32
Q

when can infants distinguish between languages?

A

6 months

33
Q

percentage of U.S. population that is bilingual

A

15-20%

34
Q

code switching

A

hold both languages in same brain area but keep them separate

35
Q

language-brokering

A

translating back and forth to allow communication, leads to higher executive functioning

childhood development (11 decks)

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