3/17 interacting with others Flashcards
prosocial behavior
actions that benefit others
altruism
prosocial behavior that helps another with no direct benefit to the individual
when can altruism develop?
18 months
prosocial behavior toddler and preschool years
children gradually begin to understand other’s needs and learn more appropriate altruistic responses
skills necessary in order to behave prosocially
perspective taking, empathy, moral reasoning
features that influence prosocial behavior
feelings of responsibility, feeling of competence, mood, costs of altruism
caregivers encouraging prosocial behavior
modeling, disciplinary practices, opportunities to behave in prosocial ways, volunteer work
aggression
behavior meant to harm others
intstrumental aggression
result of not having something you want, immediate grab
goal of intstrumental aggression
achieve a specific goal
reactive aggression
response to another person’s behavior
goal of reactive aggression
retaliate
relational aggression
non-physical acts to harm a social bond
goal of relational aggression
undermine social relationships of others
hostile aggression
unprovoked physical/verbal attack
goal of hostile aggression
intimidate, harass, humiliate others
solitary play
stage 1
plays alone, unaware of other children
onlooker play
stage 2
observes play of other children
parallel play
plays near other children with similr toys but does not influence them
parallel play age
12 months
associative play
engage in separate activities but exchange toys and comments
associative play age
15-18 months
cooperative play
children work toward a common goal (like make believe play)
cooperative play age
24 months
children more likely to have imaginary friends
firstborn and only chilren
playmate parental influence
scaffolding play in children
social direction parental influence
creating opportunities for play (playdates, enrolling kids in activities)
coach parental influence
teaching children how to initiate interactions, make joint decisions, resolve conflict
mediator parental influence
help negotiate between peers
friendship
a voluntary relationship between two people involving multiple liking
preschool and elementary friendship
children that like each other, like playing
older elementary friendship
children that like each other, like playing together, additional psychological features such as trust and assistance
adolescence friendship
children that like each other, like playing together, additional psychological features, intimacy (confide in one another, personal thoughts and feelings)
who is intimacy more common in?
girls
co-rumination
when good friends spend too much time discussing personal problems
mutual antipathic relationship
a shared dislike for one another
percentage of adolescents with romantic relations
66% in past 1.5 year by highschool lasting almost a year
early dating with many partners
lower grades, drug use, less satisfying relationships in high school and future
end of high school sexual intercourse percentage
2/3 of adolescents
teen pregnancy percentage
of adolescent girls that have engaged in sex, 1 in 6 become pregnant
percentage of teens that experience a period of sexual questioning
15%
percentage of teens that identify as gay
5% (boys and girls)
clique
small group of individuals who are good friends
crowd
larger, mixed-sex group who have similar views and attitudes
dominance hierarchy
a social structure that ranks individuals with a leader in the group that other members are aware of
popular children
liked by many peers
rejected children
disliked by many peers
controversial children
both liked and disliked
average children
liked and disliked by some peers but without intensity
neglected children
ignored by peers
