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Psychology of Human Development > Prenatal Development > Flashcards

Prenatal Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Overall pattern of development

A
  1. Head-down
  2. Center-out
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2
Q

Stages of Development

A
  1. Germinal
  2. Embryonic
  3. Fetal
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3
Q

Germinal Stage

A

Fertilization to Implantation
1. Fertilized egg travels through Fallopian tube and implants in uterus
2. Cell division begins

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4
Q

Embryonic Stage

A

Implantation to 8 weeks
- Formation of amniotic sac, major organs, and placenta

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5
Q

Fetal Stage

A

9 weeks to birth
1. Organs finish development
- Lungs finish development at 37 wks
2. Major physical growth

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6
Q

Teratogens

A

External agents that can cause damage or death during prenatal development

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7
Q

Types of Teratogens

A
  1. Drugs
  2. Environmental
    - ex: mercury
  3. Infections
    - ex: bacterial or viral
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8
Q

Alcohol

A
  1. Cognitive
    - Intellectual disability
    - Attention, memory, & reasoning
  2. Physical
    - Heart
    - Kidneys
    - Facial Features
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9
Q

Nicotine/Smoking

A
  1. Not enough oxygen passed on to fetus
  2. Nicotine exposure
  3. Risk factor for lbw & premature birth -> brain & lung development -> learning disabilities & ADHD
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10
Q

Cannabis

A

Area of emerging research
- Risk factor for depression, anxiety, and psychotic-like experiences

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11
Q

Fetal Sensation at 8 Weeks

A
  1. Movement
    - Swallowing
    - Limb/finger movement
    - “Breathing”
  2. Touch
    - Grasping umbilical cord
    - Rubbing face
    - Sucking thumb
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12
Q

Fetal Sensation in 2nd Trimester

A
  1. Smell
  2. Taste
    - Amniotic Fluid
  3. Hearing
    - Responds to internal sounds:
    - blood flowing
    - heart pumping
    - vibrations of mother’s voice
    - digestive sounds
    - breathing
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13
Q

Fetal Sensation in 3rd Trimester

A
  1. Hearing
    - Response to external sounds
  2. Sight
    - Response to light
  3. Learning
    - Prefers familiar sounds, tastes, and smells
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14
Q

Highest-Risk Stage for Teratogen Exposure

A

Embryonic
- Interferes with major organ development

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15
Q

Teratogen Exposure in Fetal Stage

A
  1. Physiological defects
  2. Minor structural abnormalities
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16
Q

Central Nervous System Teratogen Exposure

A
  1. Earliest to be affected
  2. Susceptible during entire gestational period

Psychology of Human Development (22 decks)

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