Exam 1 Themes Flashcards

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1
Q

Nature & Nurture

A
  1. Sensitive periods & Experience-expectant plasticity
    - Genes expect some environmental input to develop properly
    Ex: Cataracts in infants and visual system
  2. Depth Cues
    - Nature: Some depth cues are present soon after birth, almost innate (Dynamic: Looming, Motion Parallax)
    - Nurture: Some depth cues require visual experience to develop (Monocular/Pictoral: Pattern Density, Interposition, Relative Size)
    - Ex: Visual cliff
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2
Q

Active Child

A
  1. “Evolution of action” - “learning to learn to move”
    - Children learn how to flexibly solve problems in their environment
    - Children try new strategies to navigate their environment even if one strategy works well
    Ex: Kate Adolph’s Visual Cliff
    - Children do not only stick to one way to trespass cliff or slope
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3
Q

Stability & Change

A
  1. Perceptual Narrowing
    - Newborns, 3 mths, 6 mths, and 9 mths keep some abilities while losing others
    - Brain reorganizes to prioritize sensitivity to stimuli that is seen frequently/important
    Ex: human v. monkey faces, top-heavy vs. bottom faces, intact v. scrambled
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4
Q

Individual Differences

A
  1. Motor Milestones
    - Variability in timing
    - Variability in how some reach milestones
    -Variability between and within infants
    Ex: Crawling styles: one-legged scoot, bear crawl, hands-&-knees
    Ex: Kate Adolph - some crawl for a few weeks then stop, some skip crawling and go straight to cruising
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5
Q

Sociocultural Contexxt

A

Cultural variability in Motor Milestones
- Ex: Sitting without support @ 5 mths
- Cameroon: 92%
- Italy: 0%
- United States: 17%
- infant-supported furniture v. nonsupportive furniture
- Ex: Mali - stretching and suspension exercises
- cultural value on motor development

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6
Q

Mechanisms

A
  1. Gibson’s Theory
    - Affordances: fit between environment & ability
    - Infants learn to perceive and act on affordances
    - Visual Cliff: what does the deeper and shallow side afford?
  2. Dynamic-Systems Theory
    - Children integrative system
    - Dynamic as system and environment
    - “Evolution” of action
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7
Q

Children’s Welfare

A
  1. Teratogens
    - Cannabis
    - Alcohol
    - Nicotine/Smoking
  2. Bed-sharing
    - AAP guidelines
    - New Zealand
    - high-risk v. safer bed-sharing
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