Family Structures

Question 1

Effects of Daycare / Both Parents Working

Answer 1

• Mothers spending more time on paid work since 1960s
• Poor childcare + inconsistent/unresponsive parenting -> higher risk insecure
• Good childcare + inconsistent/unresponsive parenting -> higher chance secure
• “Good” childcare dependent on ratio of workers to children

Question 2

Parent Age

Answer 2

Older parents:
* More likely to be planned
* More education
* More financial resources
* Perform more positive parenting techniques
First-time mother’s age increasing since 1960s

Question 3

Adoption

Answer 3

• 2-4% of U.S. families
• Small increase in risk for internalizing & externalizing behaviors -> diminishes in stable family
• Open adoptions more common
• Satisfaction > amount/type of contact with bio parents

Question 4

Factors for Divorce

Answer 4

More Likely:
* Children before marriage
* Serial cohabitation
* Society accepting of divorce
Less Likely:
* Higher levels of education
* Marry at older age
* Parents remained married
* Society less accepting of divorce

Question 5

Protective Factors for Children

Answer 5

• Resident parent: psychological adjustment & good parenting
• Non-resident parent: more contact if low conflict and good parenting

Question 6

Risk factors for Children

Answer 6

Disruptors / Stressors
* Income
* Parent stress -> parenting
* Parent conflict
* Routine
* Social relationships

Higher Risks for:
* Externalizing
* Internalizing
* Decline in academic achievement