Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Developmental Psychology > Prenatal > Flashcards

Prenatal Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

– also known as conception, is the process by which sperm and ovum (sex cells) combine to create a single cell called zygote, which then duplicates itself again and again by cell division.

A

o Fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

– rupture of mature follicle in either ovary and expulsion of its ovum which occurs every month until menopause

A

o Ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

also known as Fraternal Twins

A

o Dizygotic Twins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

– resulted from the cleaving of one fertilized egg and are generally genetically identical

A

o Monozygotic Twins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

genetic transmission of heritable characteristics from parents to offspring

A

o Heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

– long, spiraling ladder whose steps are made of pairs of chemical units called bases

A

o Deoxyribonucleic Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

coils of DNA of smaller segments called genes

A

o Chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cell division of non-sex cells

A

o Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cell division of sex cells

A

o Meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mistake in copying genetic code which creates permanent alteration in genetic material

A

o Mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

not affiliated to sexual expression

A

o Autosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

23rd pair which indicates the baby’s sex (XX, female: XY, male)

A

o Sex Chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

produce alternative expressions of characteristics

A

o Alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

if two alleles are the same

A

o Homozygous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

if two alleles are different

A

o Heterozygous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

– allele that is always expressed or shows up as a trait in that person

A

o Dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

– usually doesn’t show unless paired with another recessive trait

A

o Recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

– interaction of several genes

A

o Polygenetic Inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

observable characteristics

A

o Phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

underlying genetic makeup

A

o Genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

environment can influence when and which genes turn on and off

A

o Epigenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Extra copy of chromosome 21

A

Down Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Extra X Chromosome (XXY)

A

Klinefelter Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Abnormality in X chromosome causes ID

A

Fragile X Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Missing X chromosome for females

A

Turner Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Extra Y chromosome

A

XXY Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Overproduction of mucus in the lungs and digestive tract

A

Cystic Fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Does not produce enough insulin

A

Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Delayed blood clotting

A

Hemophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

CNS deteriorates producing problem in muscles and mental decline

A

Huntington’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Build up of Phenylalanine in the body

A

Phenylketonuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Limits body oxygen supply

A

Sickle-Cell Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Incompletely closed spinal canal

A

Spina Bifida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Accumulation of lipids in the NS

A

Tay-Sachs Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Absence of brain tissue

A

Anencephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Enlarged Kidneys

A

Polycystic Kidney Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Cirrhosis of the liver in early infancy

A

Alpha antitrypsin Deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Severe Anemia; nearly all die soon after birth

A

Alpha Thalassemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Severe Anemia; fatal in adolescence or Young adulthood

A

Beta Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Males with muscle weakness, minor mental retardation

A

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

carry one bad copy of recessive gene and one good one

A

o Carriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

effects of similar environment conditions on genetically different individuals

A

o Genotype-Environment Interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

environment often reinforces genetic differences

A

o Genotype-Environment Correlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

parents tend to provide environment that encourages the development of that trait

A

a. Passive Correlations:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

children with differing genetic makeups evoke different reactions from others, other people react to the children’s genetic makeup

A

b. Reactive or Evocative:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

actively selects or create experiences consistent with their genetic tendencies

A

c. Active:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

– tendency to seek out environments compatible with one’s genotype

A

 Niche-Picking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

– result from the unique environment in which each child in a family grows up

A

o Nonshared Environmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

inability to conceive a child

A

o Infertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

– eggs and sperm are combined in a laboratory dish

A

o In Vitro Fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

– high frequency sound waves are directed into the pregnant woman’s abdomen
 No risk to the woman or fetus
 Detect abnormalities, no. of fetuses, and sex

A
  1. Ultrasound Sonography
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

uses powerful magnet and radio images to generate detailed images of the body’s organs and structures

A
  1. Fetal MRI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

– small sample of placenta is removed
 Small risk of limb deformity

A
  1. Chorionic Villus Sampling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

– sample of amniotic fluid is withdrawn and tested for chromosomal and metabolic disorders

A
  1. Amniocentesis
55
Q

– identifies pregnancies that have an elevated risk for birth defects

A
  1. Maternal Blood Screening
56
Q

period between conception and birth
 Between 37 and 41 weeks

A

o Gestation

57
Q

dated from the first day of an expectant mother’s last menstrual cycle

A

 Gestational Age

58
Q

development proceeds from head to the lower extremities

A

Cephalocaudal Principle

59
Q

development proceeds from the center to outer parts of the body

A

o Proximodistal

60
Q

Tender, Swollen breasts or nipples
Fatigue
Slight bleeding or cramping
Food Cravings
Nausea with or without vomiting
Frequent Urination
Frequent, Mild Headaches
Constipation
Mood Swings
Faintness and Dizziness
Raised Basal Body Temperature

A

Early Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy

61
Q

o From fertilization to about 2 weeks of gestational age
o Zygote enters into cell division (mitosis) while making its way to the fallopian tube

A

Germinal Stage

62
Q

– specialization of the cells to perform various tasks

A

o Differentiation

63
Q

fluid-filled sphere which floats freely in the uterus until 6th day after fertilization then it implants itself in the uterine wall

A

o Blastocyst

64
Q

– outer layer of cells that later provides nutrition and support for the embryo

A

o Trophoblast

65
Q

outer layer (becomes outer layers of skin, nails, hair, teeth, sensory organs, and the nervous system)

A

o Ectoderm

66
Q

outer layer (becomes outer layers of skin, nails, hair, teeth, sensory organs, and the nervous system)

A

o Ectoderm

67
Q

inner layer (becomes digestive system)

A

o Endoderm

68
Q

– middle layer (becomes inner layers of skin, muscles, skeleton, and excretory and circulatory systems

A

o Mesoderm

69
Q

encloses the developing embryo, protecting it and giving it a room and grow

A

o Amniotic Sacs –

70
Q

allows oxygen, nourishment, and wastes to pass between mother and embryo

A

o Placenta

71
Q

– connects the embryo to the placenta

A

o Umbilical Cord

72
Q

o From 2 to 8 weeks (First 2 months)

A

Embryonic Period

73
Q

o Major body systems (respiratory, digestive, and nervous system) develop known as

A

Organogenesis

74
Q

most vulnerable to destructive influences

A

o Critical Period

75
Q

– expulsion from the uterus of an embryo that is unable to survive outside the womb

A

o Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage)

76
Q

miscarriage occurred after 20 weeks of gestation (approx. 5 months)

A

o Stillbirth

77
Q

o From 8 weeks to Birth
o Appearance of the first bone cells
o Final stage of gestation
o Grows rapidly to about 20x its previous length
o Finishing touches
o Breathe, kick, turn, etc.
o Facial expressions of pain at 36 weeks
o Responds to mother’s voice

A

Fetal Period

78
Q

– environmental agent that can interfere with normal prenatal development

A

o Teratogen

79
Q

field of study that investigates the causes of birth defects

A

o Teratology

80
Q

o Results to fetal growth restriction and low birth weight

A

Malnutrition

81
Q

caused stunted limbs, facial deformities, and defective organs

A

o Thalidomide

82
Q

sleep disturbance, tremors, difficulty regulating the body, irritability, crying and etc.

A

o Neonate Abstinence Syndrome

83
Q

characterized by a combination of retarded growth, face and body malformations, and disorders of the central nervous system

A

o Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

84
Q

– caused by parasite in the bodies of cattle, sheep, and pigs, and in the intestinal tracts of cats that causes fetal brain damage, severely impaired eyesight, seizures, miscarriage, etc.

A

o Toxoplasmosis

85
Q

fetal DNA is extracted from the mother’s blood and tested for early detection of genetic problems

A

o Prenatal cell-free DNA Scans

86
Q

process of giving birth

A

o Labor

87
Q

series of uterine, cervical, and other changes which begins 2 weeks before the delivery

A

o Parturition

88
Q

series of uterine, cervical, and other changes which begins 2 weeks before the delivery

A

o Parturition

89
Q

false contractions

A

o Braxton-Hicks Contractions

90
Q

profession that provides health care to women during pregnancy, birth, and even postpartum period

A

o Midwifery

91
Q

caregiver who provides continuous physical, emotional, and educational support for the mother before, during, and after childbirth

A

o Doula

92
Q

used to track the fetus’ heartbeat during labor and delivery and to indicate how the fetal heart is responding to the stress of uterine contractions

A

o Electronic Fetal Monitoring

93
Q

o Three kinds of drugs are used for labor:

A

Analgesia
Anesthesia
Oxytocin

94
Q

– pain reliever such as tranquilizers, barbiturates, and narcotics

A

a. Analgesia

95
Q

used in the late first stage labor and during delivery to block sensation in an area of the body or to block consciousness

A

b. Anesthesia

96
Q

– regional anesthesia that blocks the lower part of the body

A

 Epidural Block

97
Q

vaginal anesthesia

A

 Pudendal Block

98
Q

hormone that promotes contraction (Pitocin)

A

c. Oxytocin

99
Q

method that aims to reduce the mother’s pain by decreasing her fear by providing information about childbirth and teaching her and her partner to use breathing methods and relaxation techniques during delivery

A

o Natural Childbirth

100
Q

husbands as coaches, relation for easier birth and prenatal nutrition and exercise

A

o Bradley Method

101
Q

– special breathing technique to control pushing in the final stages of labor

A

o Prepared Childbirth or Lamaze method

102
Q

usual childbirth

A

o Vaginal Delivery

103
Q

baby is removed from the mother’s uterus through an incision made in her abdomen

A

o Cesarean Delivery o Cesarean Delivery

104
Q

baby’s buttocks are the first part to emerge from the vagina which can cause respiratory problems

A

 Breech Position

105
Q

widely used to assess the health of newborns at 1-5 mins after birth

A

o APGAR Scale

106
Q

– performed within 24-36 hrs after birth to assess neurological development, reflexes, and reactions

A

o Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale

107
Q

assessment of the newborn’s behavior, neurological and stress response, and regulatory capacities

A

o Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NICUNNS)

108
Q
  • check for rare genetic, hormone-related, and metabolic conditions that can cause serious health problems
A

o Newborn Screening for Medical Conditions

109
Q

where the bones of the skull don’t meet

A

o Fontanels

110
Q

fuzzy prenatal hair

A

o Lanugo

111
Q

oily protection against infection that dries within the first few days

A

o Vernix Caseosa –

112
Q

oily protection against infection that dries within the first few days

A

o Vernix Caseosa

113
Q

lack of oxygen

A

o Anoxia

114
Q

reduced oxygen supply

A

o Hypoxia

115
Q

stringy, greenish-black waste matter formed in the fetal intestinal tract

A

o Meconium

116
Q

skin and eyeballs look yellow caused by immaturity of the liver

A

o Neonatal Jaundice

117
Q

weigh less than 5 pounds and 8 ounces at birth

A

o Low Birth Weight Infants

118
Q

less than 3 pounds 4 ounces

A

 Very Low birth Weight

119
Q

less than 2 pounds

A

 Extremely Low Birth

120
Q

born three weeks or more before pregnancy reach full term (before the completion of 37 weeks of gestation)

A

o Pre-term Infants

121
Q

those whose birth weight is below normal when the length of pregnancy is considered

A

o Small for Date Infants (Small for Gestational Age Infants)

122
Q

– might help in reducing preterm birth

A

o Progestin

123
Q

born less than 28 weeks gestation

A

o Extremely Preterm

124
Q

less than 33 weeks

A

o Very Preterm

125
Q

involves skin-to-skin contact in which the baby, wearing only diaper, is held upright against the parent’s bare chest to help stabilize the preterm’s heartbeat, temp, and breathing

A

o Kangaroo Care

126
Q

o One condition commonly faced by preterm babies is _____ wherein there is a lack of surfactant (lung-coating substance) that keeps air sacs from collapsing

A

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

127
Q

tend to be long and this because they have kept growing in the womb but have had an insufficient blood supply toward the end of gestation

A

o Postmature Babies

128
Q

crib death; sudden death of an infant under age 1 which cause of death remains unexplained

A

o Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

129
Q

o Period after childbirth
o Lasts for about 6 weeks or until the mother’s body has completed the adjustment and returned to nearly prepregnant state

A

Postpartum Period

130
Q

o Loss of sleep that the primary caregiver experiences during this period
o Sudden and dramatic hormone production
o Estrogen and progesterone levels drop steeply and remain low until the ovaries start producing again

A

Physical Adjustment

131
Q

– 2-3 days after birth they feel depressed, anxious, and upset

A

o Postpartum Blues

132
Q

– involves a major depressive episode that typically occurs about four weeks after delivery or at least a two-week period of having trouble coping with their daily task

A

o Postpartum Depression

133
Q

o Formation of connection, especially a physical bond between parents and the newborn in the period shortly after birth
o Newborn MUST have close contact with the mother in the first few days of like to develop optimally is NOT true

A

Bonding

Developmental Psychology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions