Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Developmental Psychology > Old Age > Flashcards

Old Age Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

prejudice or discrimination based on age

A

o Ageism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

– gradual, inevitable process of bodily deterioration that begins early in life and continues through years irrespective of what people do to stave it off (nature

A

o Primary Aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

results from disease, abuse, and disuse – factors that are often within a person’s control (nurture)

A

o Secondary Aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

65-74 yrs old

A

o Young Old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

75-84 yrs old

A

o Old Old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

85 and above

A

o Oldest old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how well a person functions in a physical and social environment in comparison with others of the same chronological age

A

o Functional Age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

study of the aged and aging processes

A

o Gerontology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

branch of medicine concerned with aging

A

o Geriatrics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the age to which a person born at a certain time and place is statistically likely to live, given his or her current age and health status

A

o Life Expectancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

actual length of life of members of a population

A

o Longevity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

death rates

A

o Mortality Rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

longest period that members of our species can live

A

o Human Life Span

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

– the decline in body functioning associated with aging

A

o Senescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

propose that people’s bodies age according to instructions built into genes and that aging is a normal part of development

A

o Genetic Programming Theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

aging also may be influenced by specific genes “switching off” after age-related losses occur (Epigenesis)

A

o Programmed Senescence Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

o Telomeres become shorter as the cell divides (cells can divide for no more than 50 times

A

Hayflick Limit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

– biological clocks act through hormones to control the pace of aging

A

o Endocrine Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

programmed decline in immune system functions leads to increased vulnerability to infectious disease and thus to aging and death

A

o Immunological Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Aging is an evolved trait thus genes that promote reproduction are selected at higher rates than genes that extend lives

A

o Evolutionary Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

aging is the results of random processes that vary from person to person (Error theories

A

o Variable-Rate Theories –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

– cells and tissues have vital parts that wear out

A

o Wear-and-Tear Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Accumulated damage from oxygen radicals causes cells and eventually organs to stop functioning

A

o Free-Radical Theory –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the greater an organism’s rate of metabolism, the shorter its life span

A

o Rate-of-Living Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Immune system becomes confused and attacks its own body cells

A

o Autoimmune Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

represents the percentage of people or animals alive at various age

A

o Survival Curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

– backup capacity that helps body system function to their utmost limits in times of stress

A

o Reserve Capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

cloudy or opaque areas in the lends of the eyes, are common in older adults

A

o Cataracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

– leading cause of visual impairment in older adults; the retinal cells in the macula degenerate over time, and the center of the retina gradually loses the ability to sharply distinguish fine details

A

o Age-Related Macular Degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

irreversible damage to the optic nerve caused by increased pressure in the eye

A

o Glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

exercises or activities that improve daily activity

A

o Functional Fitness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

the general term for physiologically caused cognitive and behavioral decline sufficient to interfere with daily activities

A

o Dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

most common type, caused by specific changes in the brain (abnormal build up of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaque in the brain)

A

 Alzheimer’s
a. Amnesia – memory loss
b. Aphasia – inability to express through speech
c. Agnosia – inability to recognize familiar objects, tastes, smells
d. Apraxia – misuse of objects because failure to identify them
e. Anomia – inability to remember the names of things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

memory loss

A

a. Amnesia

35
Q

inability to express through speech

A

b. Aphasia

36
Q

inability to recognize familiar objects, tastes, smells

A

c. Agnosia

37
Q

inability to recognize familiar objects, tastes, smells

A

c. Agnosia

38
Q

inability to recognize familiar objects, tastes, smells

A

c. Agnosia

39
Q

misuse of objects because failure to identify them

A

d. Apraxia

40
Q

inability to remember the names of things

A

e. Anomia

41
Q

– caused by strokes or other issues of blood flow in the brain; may be due to diabetes and high cholesterol; have strokes like episodes

A

 Vascular

42
Q

have movement or balance (stiffness or trembling); daytime sleepiness, confusion, or staring; trouble sleeping at night and visual hallucinations

A

 Lewy Bodies

43
Q

leads to personality and behavior changes and problems in language skills

A

 Frontotemporal

44
Q

resulted from gene mutation which impacts movement, behavior, and cognition; personality also changes, loss of coordination, difficulty in swallowing and speaking

A

 Huntington’s

45
Q

uncontrollable movements, tremor, stiffness, slow movement, prevalent in men than women; nerve cells in basal ganglia become impaired; L-Dopa as treatment

A

 Parkinson’s

46
Q

measure the intelligence of older adults

A

o Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
 Older adults tend not to perform as well as younger adults in WAIS but the difference is primarily processing speed and nonverbal performance

47
Q

– scores drop with age in performance scale and slightly on other scales

A

 Classic Aging Pattern

48
Q

brief storage of sensory information

A

o Sensory Memory

49
Q

short-term storage of information being actively process

A

o Working Memory

50
Q

– linked to specific events; most likely to deteriorate with age

A

o Episodic Memory

51
Q

consists of meanings, facts, and concepts accumulated over lifetime learning; little decline

A

o Semantic Memory

52
Q

motor skills and habits that once learned; relatively unaffected by age

A

o Procedural Memory

53
Q

exceptional breadth and depth of knowledge about the conditions of life and human affects and reflective judgement about the application of knowledge

A

o Wisdom
 May involve the lead to transcendence, detachment from preoccupation with the self
 The ability to navigate the messiness of life
 Older adults tend to make the most of their abilities, often exploiting gains in one area to offset declines in another

54
Q

the hardware of the mind and reflect the neurophysiological architecture of the brain that was developed thru evolution

A

o Cognitive Mechanics
 Speed and accuracy, visual and motor memory, discrimination, comparison, and categorization
 Decline begins as soon as early midlife

55
Q

culture-based software program of the mind

A

o Cognitive Pragmatics
 Reading and writing, language, educational qualifications, professional skills, life skills
 Decline in old age

56
Q

– focusing on specific aspect of experience that is relevant and ignoring irrelevant info

A

o Selective Attention

57
Q

concentrating on more than one activity at the same time

A

o Divided Attention

58
Q

focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or some other aspect of the environment

A

o Sustained Attention

59
Q

– involves planning actions, allocating attention to goals, detecting and compensating for errors, monitoring progress on tasks, etc

A

o Executive Attention

60
Q

ability to remember where one learned something

A

o Source Memory

61
Q

remembering to do something in the future

A

o Prospective Memory

62
Q

informed and detached concern with life itself in the face of death itself

A

o Wisdom

63
Q

presumes ego integrity without actually facing the difficulties of old age

A

o Maladaptive Tendency: Presumption

64
Q

contempt of life, one’s own or anyone’s

A

o Malignant Tendency: Disdain

65
Q

older adults are more likely to pay attention to and then remember positive events than negative events

A

o Positivity Effect

66
Q

rapid decline in well-being and life satisfaction approx. 3-5 yrs before death

A

o Terminal Drop

67
Q

adaptive thinking or behavior aimed at reducing or relieving stress that arises from harmful, threatening, or challenging conditions

A

o Coping

68
Q

people respond to stressful or challenging situations on the basis of two types of analyses:

A

o Cognitive-Appraisal Model
1. Primary Appraisal – people analyze situation and decide
2. Secondary Appraisal – people evaluate what can be done to prevent harm

69
Q

– normal part of aging involves gradual reduction in social involvement and greater preoccupation with the self

A

o Disengagement Theory

70
Q

the more active older people are, the better they age

A

o Activity Theory

71
Q

– people’s need to maintain connection between past and present is emphasized, and activity is viewed as important, not for its own sake but because it represents continuation of previous lifestyle

A

o Continuity Theory

72
Q

– involves developing abilities that allow for maximum gain as well as developing abilities that compensate for decline and could lead to loss

A

o Selective Optimization with Compensation
 Older adults conserve resources by selecting meaningful goals, optimizing the resources they have to achieve it, and compensating for the losses by using resources in alternative ways to achieve their goals

73
Q

o Phases of Retirement

A
  1. Pre-Retirement – begin to think seriously about the life they want for themselves in retirement and whether they are financially on track to achieve it
  2. Retirement – makes the transition from full-time work to retirement they’ve planned
  3. Contentment – positive phase when retirees get to enjoy the fruits of a lifetime of labor (Honeymoon period)
  4. Disenchantment – they may experience some of the emotional downsides of retirements such as loneliness, disillusionment, and a feeling of uselessness
  5. Reorientation – people try to figure who they are and map their place in the world as a retiree
  6. Routine – people accept their situation and settle into a new set of routines
74
Q

– begin to think seriously about the life they want for themselves in retirement and whether they are financially on track to achieve it

A
  1. Pre-Retirement
75
Q

– makes the transition from full-time work to retirement they’ve planned

A

Retirement

76
Q

positive phase when retirees get to enjoy the fruits of a lifetime of labor (Honeymoon period

A

Contentment

77
Q

they may experience some of the emotional downsides of retirements such as loneliness, disillusionment, and a feeling of uselessness

A

Disenchantment –

78
Q

– people try to figure who they are and map their place in the world as a retiree

A

Reorientation

79
Q

people accept their situation and settle into a new set of routines

A

Routine

80
Q

– staying in their own home

A

o Aging In Place

81
Q

o Group living arrangements for Older Adults

A

a. Retirement Hotel
b. Retirement Community
c. Shared Housing
d. ECHO (Elder Cottage Housing Opportunity) Housing
e. Congregate Housing
f. Assisted-Living Facility
g. Foster-Care Home
h. Continuing Care Retirement Community

82
Q

aging adults maintain their level of social support by identifying members of their social network who can help them

A

o Social Convoy Theory

83
Q

as remaining time becomes short, older adults choose to spend time with people and in activities that meet immediate emotional needs

A

o Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

Developmental Psychology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions