Premenstrual Syndrome, Vaginitis, and Urinary Tract Infections

Question 1

Emotional symptoms of PMS include:

Select one:

a. breast tenderness and joint aches
b. stomach bloating and irritability
c. anxiety, depression and anger
d. diarrhea, carbohydrate craving and tension

Answer 1

c. anxiety, depression and anger

Question 2

Prevalence of women in reproductive age that suffer from PMS is about:

Select one:

a. 50-60%
b. 60-70%
c. 70-80%
d. 80-90%

Answer 2

d. 80-90%

Question 3

Conventional treatment for PMS includes:

Select one:

a. oral contraceptives, diuretics, nutrition and exercise
b. progesterone, antidepressants and oral contraceptives
c. nutrition, exercise and acupuncture
d. anxiolytics, progesterone and heating pads

Answer 3

b. progesterone, antidepressants and oral contraceptives

Question 4

Nutritional modulation for the treatment of PMS includes:

Select one:

a. removing caffeine from the diet
b. consuming more carbohydrates
c. high fat, low fiber diet
d. avoiding soy foods

Answer 4

a. removing caffeine from the diet

Question 5

What dietary supplements have been successfully used in studies for the reduction of symptoms in PMS?

Select one:

a. Calcium, B-12 and Vitamin D
b. Calcium, B-6, Vitamin D and Manganese
c. Calcium, B-6, Vitamin D and Magnesium
d. B-6, B-12 and Vitamin D

Answer 5

c. Calcium, B-6, Vitamin D and Magnesium

Question 6

Chasteberry’s (Vitex) mode of action includes:

Select one:

a. increasing estrogen and prolactin secretion while lowering progesterone levels
b. has no effect on estrogen, but increases prolactin secretion and progesterone levels
c. decreases estrogen and increases prolactin secretion while raising progesterone levels
d. decreases both estrogen and prolactin secretion while raising progesterone levels

Answer 6

d. decreases both estrogen and prolactin secretion while raising progesterone levels

Question 7

This herb is often used in the treatment of depression in PMS.

Select one:

a. Black Cohosh
b. Vitex
c. St. John’s Wort
d. Evening Primrose Oil

Answer 7

c. St. John’s Wort

Question 8

This herb is used to modulate luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones and acts as a mild SSRI.

Select one:

a. Blue Cohosh
b. Black Cohosh
c. Evening Primrose Oil
d. St. John’s Wort

Answer 8

b. Black Cohosh

Question 9

At what point in the menstrual cycle should progesterone administration begin?

Select one:

a. Day 1
b. Day 10
c. Day 14
d. Day 28

Answer 9

c. Day 14

Question 10

How does Lactobacilli play in keeping the anaerobic microflora under control that would prevent bacterial vaginosis from occurring?

Select one:

a. Produces H2O2 that damages the bacteria
b. Produces Lactic acid that damages the bacteria
c. Glycogenates the vaginal walls to prevent the bacteria from adhering
d. Produces several types of bacteria to keep the vagina within the right pH

Answer 10

a. Produces H2O2 that damages the bacteria

Question 11

Vaginitis will have a pH of ____________ 4.5 and BV or trichomoniasis will have a pH ____________ than 5

Select one:

a. greater than; less than
b. less than; greater than
c. exactly; less than
d. exactly; greater than

Answer 11

b. less than; greater than

Question 12

______________________________ has been shown to be an effective treatment for vaginitis in a few small studies.

Select one:

a. Hydrogen Peroxide
b. Coconut Oil
c. Boric Acid
d. Probiotics

Answer 12

c. Boric Acid

Question 13

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) can cause:

Select one:

a. premature labor and delivery in pregnant women
b. stillbirth
c. Down Syndrome
d. encephalitis in the newborn

Answer 13

a. premature labor and delivery in pregnant women

Question 14

What is the recurrence of BV with conventional treatment?

Select one:

a. 30% in 3 months and 80% in 9 months
b. 40% in 3 months and 100% in 9 months
c. 30% in 3 months and 75% in 9 months
d. 0% in 3 months and 50% in 9 months

Answer 14

a. 30% in 3 months and 80% in 9 months

Question 15

CAM treatments for VVC and BV include:

Select one:

a. melaleuca only
b. probiotics only
c. melaleuca and probiotics
d. peppermint essential oil

Answer 15

c. melaleuca and probiotics

Question 16

According to your text, ______________has shown positive results in treating vaginitis.

Select one:

a. bergamot
b. apple cider vinegar
c. vitex
d. curcumin

Answer 16

a. bergamot

Question 17

According to your text, ____________ has shown to be useful in treating vaginitis.

Select one:

a. garlic
b. chlorella
c. thyme
d. rosemary

Answer 17

a. garlic

Question 18

Eighty to ninety percent of urinary tract infections are caused by _______________.

Select one:

a. Escheria coli
b. Edwardsiella tarda
c. Ehrlichiaceae
d. Elytrosporangium carpinense

Answer 18

a. Escheria coli

Question 19

_____________________ are probiotics that may help in the prevention of UTIs, especially those that are hydrogen-producing.

Select one:

a. Bifido
b. Lactobacilli
c. Escheria coli
d. Proteus vulgaris

Answer 19

b. Lactobacilli

Question 20

Probiotics are strain specific, which means that only certain strains will work to treat a specific condition. What two strains have shown positive results in treating UTIs?

Select one:

a. L. rhamnosus GG and Staphylococcus aureus
b. L. rhamnosus GR-1 and L. fermentum B-54
c. L. rhamnosus GG and L. reuteri B-54
d. L. rhamnosus GR-1 and L. reuteri B-54

Answer 20

d. L. rhamnosus GR-1 and L. reuteri B-54

Question 21

Botanical treatments for UTIs include ________________ and _______________.

Select one:

a. turmeric; ginger
b. peppermint; black pepper
c. uva ursi; cranberry
d. cranberry; black cohosh

Answer 21

c. uva ursi; cranberry

Question 22

___________ may cause toxicity that effects vision and should be used with caution, if at all.

Select one:

a. Turmeric
b. Cranberry
c. Black Cohosh
d. Uva Ursi

Answer 22

d. Uva Ursi

Question 23

_____________ has limited studies on its efficacy but has been shown to coat and deactivate e. coli which may be helpful in treating a UTI.

Select one:

a. D-mannose
b. Cranberry
c. Black Cohosh
d. Uva Ursi

Answer 23

a. D-mannose

Question 24

According to the analysis done by the study authors, _________ is NOT a safe remedy for a urinary tract infection during pregnancy.

Select one:

a. raspberry
b. cranberry
c. blackberry
d. strawberry

Answer 24

b. cranberry

Question 25

The mechanism behind cranberry’s effectiveness is due to inhibition of _____________ ability to adhere to the walls of the urethra.

Select one:

a. Escherishia coli’s
b. Salmonella
c. Lactobacillus
d. Bifidobacteria

Answer 25

a. Escherishia coli’s