Preconception Counseling and Fertility, Pregnancy and Lactation, & Environmental Exposures Flashcards
In the Western countries, the use of birth control became widely available during which decade?
Select one:
a. 1950s
b. 1960s
c. 1970s
d. 1980s
b. 1960s
An optimal fertility diet consists of _________?
Select one:
a. Freshly prepared, whole foods
b. Abundant vegetables and fruits
c. Sufficient omega-3 fatty acids
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
d. All of the above
Women who eat high glycemic foods are found to be _________ infertile.
Select one:
a. more
b. less
c. no difference
a. more
Flour and soda have been linked to higher incidences of infertility.
Select one:
True
False
True
___________________ make it easier for a woman to conceive and carry a baby.
Select one:
a. Dairy products
b. Multivitamins
c. Probiotics
d. Nuts, seeds and berries
b. Multivitamins
Women should aim to consume about ____ ounces of fish per week or use a quality Omega-3 supplement.
Select one:
a. 2
b. 12
c. 22
d. 32
b. 12
The minimum folic acid/folate recommendation for a woman trying to conceive and throughout pregnancy is ______ mcg daily.
Select one:
a. 100
b. 200
c. 400
d. 800
c. 400
_________________ is the one of the major causes of infertility?
Select one:
a. Exercise
b. Lack of sex
c. Hating your partner
d. Stress
d. Stress
Up to ______ of athletic women will experience disruptions in their menstrual cycles, which may interfere with their ability to conceive.
Select one:
a. 10%
b. 14%
c. 20%
d. 44%
d. 44%
Infertility has become more prevalent over the last few decades. Currently, up to ____ of couples will experience infertility.
Select one:
a. 15%
b. 25%
c. 35%
d. 45%
a. 15%
The abundance of ______________ foods containing trans fats and refined carbohydrates, and the simultaneous lack of fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains and low-fat meats in the typical American diet contribute to pregnancy outcomes
Select one:
a. processed
b. wholesome
c. organic
d. conventional
a. processed
According to the authors, which two priorities should be given significant consideration when working with a woman who is trying to conceive?
Select one:
a. Improved nutritional value of caloric intake and reduction of chemical load
b. Timing of foods and reduction of chemical load
c. Consuming a vegan diet and improved nutritional value of caloric intake
d. Weight loss and increased water consumption
a. Improved nutritional value of caloric intake and reduction of chemical load
Which diet can help an overweight or obese woman carry her baby full term?
Select one:
a. Vegan
b. Mediterranean
c. Ketogenic
d. Elimination Diet
b. Mediterranean
______________________ consumption is a leading cause of preventable developmental disabilities and mental retardation in children.
Select one:
a. Meat
b. Sugar
c. Alcohol
d. Vitamin
c. Alcohol
___________________________ is an antioxidant that improves glucose transport within the skeletal muscles, which can reduce insulin resistance and oxidative stress.
Select one:
a. Chromium
b. Cinnamon
c. Ginseng
d. Alpha-Lipoic Acid
d. Alpha-Lipoic Acid
Folate can be found abundantly in which foods?
Select one:
a. Leafy greens
b. Legumes
c. Animal protein
d. Beets
a. Leafy greens
Calcium can be found in which foods?
Select one:
a. Beans
b. Seafood
c. Leafy greens and dairy
d. Carrots
c. Leafy greens and dairy
How can we obtain Vitamin D?
Select one:
a. Supplements
b. Mushrooms
c. Fortified foods
d. All of the Above
d. All of the Above
What mineral should not be taken at the same time as iron?
Select one:
a. Vitamin C
b. Calcium
c. Vitamin A
d. Vitamin D
b. Calcium
_________________ contributes to fetal vision, immunity, skin development and overall growth. It can be found in liver, cod liver oil, and whole milk.
Select one:
a. Vitamin D
b. Iron
c. Vitamin A
d. Calcium
c. Vitamin A
_______________ are responsible for healthy cellular function and structure and can be found in whole fatty fish.
Select one:
a. Calcium and Iron
b. Essential fatty acids
c. Vitamin A and probiotics
d. Vitamin D and glucose
b. Essential fatty acids
__________ may be helpful in creating a healthier gastrointestinal tract and improved bowel motility while potentially decreasing absorption of allergens.
Select one:
a. Probiotics
b. Essential fatty acids
c. Vitamin D
d. Iron
a. Probiotics
__________ and _____________ may be helpful nutrients for “morning sickness” that is often associated with the 1st trimester of pregnancy.
Select one:
a. Vitamin D and rest
b. Probiotics and Vitamin A
c. Gentle exercise and Iron
d. Ginger and Vitamin B6
d. Ginger and Vitamin B6
Increased levels of the hormone ___________ slows transit in the gastrointestinal system, which can result in constipation, gas and bloating.
Select one:
a. progesterone
b. estrogen
c. testosterone
d. cortisol
a. progesterone
Eliminating _____________, __________ and _______________ foods can help with heartburn during pregnancy.
Select one:
a. soda, exercise and salty
b. caffeine, spicy and tomato-based
c. sugar, salt and spicy
d. sleep, laughter and delicious
b. caffeine, spicy and tomato-based