PRELIMS: History of CBR Flashcards
What is Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR)?
A strategy to include persons with disabilities (PWDs) in society, aiming for rehabilitation, equal opportunities, poverty reduction, and social inclusion.
When was CBR initiated, and why?
Initiated by WHO following the Alma-Ata Declaration in 1978 to enhance the quality of life for PWDs and ensure their inclusion and participation.
What are the key differences between CBR Projects and Programmes?
CBR Projects: Small scale, short-term, focus on achieving specific goals.
CBR Programmes: Larger scope, intended for long-term community changes.
What are the types of disabilities recognized?
Physical, intellectual, learning, visual, mental, psychosocial, deaf/hard of hearing, speech/language impairment, cancer (RA 11215), rare diseases (RA 10747).
Define disability according to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Disability results from interaction between persons with impairments and attitudinal or environmental barriers, hindering full societal participation.
What is the “Rights-Based Approach” in CBR?
Aims to integrate PWDs and the community equally, emphasizing human rights and societal changes to include everyone.
List root causes of impairments leading to disability.
Malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare, unsafe environments, armed conflicts, and lack of maternal supplements.
What is the significance of inclusive development in CBR?
Ensures involvement of marginalized groups, including PWDs, in planning, implementing, and monitoring community development for equality.
Name barriers that lead to disability.
Exclusion, discrimination, lack of access to services/information, overprotectiveness, abuse, and ignorance.
What are the 5 components of the ICF Model of Disablement?
Loss of body function/structure.
Activity limitations.
Participation restrictions.
Environmental factors.
Personal factors.
What percentage of the global population lives with a disability, and where is it most prevalent?
10% of the world’s population has disabilities; 80% live in developing countries.
Describe the Human Rights-Based Approach to Development.
Focuses on fulfilling human rights as a fundamental aspect of development and empowering rights holders and duty bearers.
Q: What is the main goal of CBR Management programs?
A: To develop and strengthen community-based rehabilitation programs, enhance the quality of life for persons with disabilities and their families, and empower them.
Q: Name two organizations that started rural programs for the visually impaired during the early years of CBR.
A: St. Dunstans (1915) and Sight Savers International in Africa.
Q: What event during World War II contributed to the development of rehabilitation as a specialty?
A: The focus on addressing blindness and rehabilitation for soldier victims, such as those from mustard gas exposure, led to the development of rehabilitation efforts.
Q: What was the main focus of the World Council for the Welfare of the Blind in 1954?
A: Vocational training, readjustment of rural visually impaired individuals, and creating training centers and sheltered workshops.
Q: What were the three main aspects of the United Nations Rehabilitation Unit established in 1951?
A: Training rehabilitation physicians and technicians, supporting the construction of large urban-based rehabilitation centers, and developing a professional team approach.
Q: What significant need was identified by the WHO in the period from 1958-1969 regarding rehabilitation services?
A: The need for cost-efficient rehabilitation services as a substitute for institutional care.
Q: What document in 1974 laid the foundation for the Alma Ata Declaration of 1978?
A: The WHO policy document emphasizing accessibility, sufficient coverage, and de-emphasis on expensive institutions.
Q: What were the two main purposes of the Alma-Ata Declaration in 1978?
A: To advocate urgent action for health promotion and to provide city-based hospitals and institutions to communities.
Q: How did WHO define Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) in 1978?
A: Measures taken at the community level using and building on the resources of the community, including the involvement of disabled individuals and their families.
Q: What major update occurred in the CBR Joint Position Paper of 2004?
A: It redefined CBR as a strategy for rehabilitation, poverty reduction, and social inclusion, emphasizing a multisectoral approach and community development.
Q: Name three Millennium Development Goals related to health and education.
A: Reduce child mortality by two-thirds, improve maternal health by reducing maternal mortality by three-fourths, and achieve universal primary education.
Q: What was a key topic discussed during the 2003 International Consultation to Review CBR?
A: The evolution of CBR from medical rehabilitation to a comprehensive, multisectoral approach integrating health care, education, and community participation.
Q: What does the principle of Inclusion in CBR emphasize?
A: Removal of all barriers preventing PWDs from accessing the mainstream, addressing cultural, gender, and religious realities, and integrating PWDs into all aspects of life.
Q: What is the main principle guiding all aspects of Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR)?
A: Rights-based principles, based on the Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs).
Q: What is the long-term goal of integrating disabled people into society?
A: To help them achieve friendship, esteem, and human dignity.
Q: Why is the segregation of PWDs considered a “vicious circle”?
A: It reinforces societal attitudes favoring separation, leading to exclusion from services, housing, jobs, education, and transportation.
Q: What does Participation mean in the context of CBR?
A: PWDs and their families have the right to decide, plan, evaluate, manage, and implement programs in partnership with the community, emphasizing ownership.
Q: How does CBR view the right of PWDs concerning their disability?
A: CBR recognizes the right of PWDs to be disabled, emphasizing that they may not seek to be “normal” and must have a choice in decision-making.
Q: What societal benefits result from Self-Advocacy efforts in CBR?
A: A society where differences are celebrated, everyone has rights and choices, and equal access to services is ensured.
Q: What is Self-Advocacy in CBR?
A: PWDs organizing themselves to advocate for change, lobby for rights, access information, and ensure they are central to the rehabilitation process.
Q: What does Sustainability in CBR rely on?
A: Cooperation among governments, LGUs, civil society, and the community to maintain quality programs and avoid overloading any one sector.
Q: Why is ownership and partnership integral to sustainability in CBR?
A: They ensure local authorities and communities take responsibility and invest in the programs.
Q: Define Accessibility in the context of CBR.
A: Removing barriers that prevent PWDs from independence, education, transportation, communication, and being full citizens.
Q: What does Equal Opportunity mean in CBR?
A: PWDs have the same opportunities and equal outcomes as others, ensuring their recognition as equal citizens and voters.
Q: What law in the Philippines addresses the accessibility of built environments for PWDs?
A: RA 344 – Accessibility Law.
Q: How is accessibility crucial for the success of CBR?
A: It serves as the entry point for an inclusive society and benefits everyone.
