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NeuroAna > Prelims > Flashcards

Prelims Flashcards

Cranial nerves Cranial fossa SCALP, CALVARIA, & MENINGES OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

1
Q

Passage for the spinal cord,
meninges,
vertebral arteries, and
spinal accessory nerves.

A

Foramen Magnum

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2
Q

Transmitting oculomotor nerve (CN III),
trochlear nerve (CN IV),
ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (CN V1),
abducens nerve (CN VI), and
ophthalmic veins.

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

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2
Q

Structures: Transmitting the optic nerve (CN II) and ophthalmic artery.

A

Optic Canal

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2
Q

Passage for the maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (CN V2).

A

Foramen Rotundum

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2
Q

Transmitting the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX),
vagus nerve (CN X),
accessory nerve (CN XI),
jugular vein, and
meningeal branches.

A

Jugular Foramen

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3
Q

Location: Located in the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.

A

Optic Canal:

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3
Q

Location: Between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone.

A

Superior Orbital Fissure:

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3
Q

Filled with cartilage in the living, but transmits small meningeal vessels

A

Foramen Lacerum

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3
Q

, positioned exceptionally close to the skin surface, exhibit minimal subcutaneous fat between their fibers and the dermis

A

orbicularis oculi muscles

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3
Q

Transmitting the middle meningeal artery and
meningeal branch of mandibular nerve (CN V3).

A

Foramen Spinosum

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3
Q

Transmitting the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN V3),
accessory meningeal artery, and
emissary veins.

A

Foramen Ovale

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3
Q

Passage for facial nerve (CN VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), and labyrinthine artery.

A

Internal Acoustic Meatus

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3
Q

The facial muscles play two crucial roles within the body:

A

mastication and
facial expressions

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4
Q

T or F
The medial pterygoid,
originating on the lateral pterygoid plate, completes a sling with the temporalis,

A

FALSE
The medial pterygoid,
originating on the lateral pterygoid plate, completes a sling with the masseter,

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4
Q

a fan-shaped origin across multiple bones, deepens beneath the
zygomatic arch and inserts on the mandible’s coronoid process and ramus

A

temporalis

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4
Q

originating beneath the zygomatic arch, wraps around the mandible angle, ensuring robust jaw closure

A

masseter

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4
Q

The primary muscles involved in mastication

A

Temporalis,
Medial
Pterygoid,
Lateral pterygoid, and
Masseter

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4
Q

situated more superficially, causes vertical glabellar rhytides or “frown lines,”

A

corrugator supercilii

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4
Q

originating on the lateral pterygoid plate,
inserts on the mandible’s condyle

A

lateral pterygoid

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4
Q

facilitating chin protrusion and jaw opening

A

lateral pterygoid

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4
Q

aids in jaw closure
and chin protrusion

A

medial pterygoid

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4
Q

T or F
The mylohyoid and anterior digastric muscles contribute to jaw opening, extending from the hyoid bone to the inner aspect of the mandible

A

TRUE

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4
Q

Location: Between the petrous part of the temporal bone and the occipital bone

A

Jugular Foramen

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4
Q

an even more superficial midline muscle, creates horizontal rhytides at the
root of the nose

A

procerus

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5
Q

T or F
orbicularis oculi play a pivotal
role in opening the eyes depressing brows, and causing crow’s feet wrinkles

A

FALSE
orbicularis oculi play a pivotal
role in closing the eyes depressing brows, and causing crow’s feet wrinkles

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5
Q

most frequently replaced muscle in facial reanimation surgery, works alongside the
** minor to elevate the oral commissure during smiling

A

zygomaticus
major

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5
Q

nasal muscles, including the depressor septi and dilator naris, have roles in?

A

pulling down the nasal tip during upper lip movement and flaring the nostrils, respectively

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5
Q

the risorius pulls the corner of the mouth directly outward, while the buccinator
tightens the cheek to prevent food pocketing

A

oral
commissure

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5
Q

causing vertical “bunny lines”

A

nasalis

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5
Q

The elevators of the upper lip,

  • contribute to various smiling movements
A

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi,
levator labii superioris, and
levator anguli oris

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5
Q

Location: Between the petrous part of the temporal bone and the sphenoid bone

A

Foramen Lacerum

5
Q

Location: Located on the petrous part of the temporal bone.

A

Internal Acoustic Meatus:

5
Q

Hypertrophy of these muscles might lead to bags under the lower eyelids known as festoons, though this is not the primary cause of baggy eyelids.

A

Facial muscles

5
Q

Name, Functional class, and function of of Cranial Nerve IV

A

Trochlear
Motor
Eye movement (superior oblique muscle)

5
Q

T or F
Compared to other muscles, facial muscles exhibit a higher concentration of fast-twitch fibers and
fewer mitochondria

A

TRUE

5
Q

the fastest muscles in the
human body belong to facial expression:

A

the orbicularis oculi and the zygomaticus major

5
Q

Name, Functional class, and function of of Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial
Mixed
Facial expression
taste, salivary glands

5
Q

Location: In the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.

A

Foramen Spinosum:

5
Q

Location: In the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.

A

Foramen Ovale:

5
Q

Location: At the base of the skull, where the skull joins the spine.

A

Foramen Magnum:

5
Q

Location: In the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.

A

Foramen Rotundum:

6
Q

Name, Functional class, and function of of Cranial Nerve I

A

Olfactory
Sensory
Smell

6
Q

Name, Functional class, and function of of Cranial Nerve II

A

Optic
Sensory
Vision

6
Q

Name, Functional class, and function of of Cranial Nerve V

A

Trigeminal
Mixed
Sensation in the face, chewing

6
Q

Name, Functional class, and function of of Cranial Nerve VI

A

Abducens
Motor
Lateral eye movement

6
Q

Name, Functional class, and function of of Cranial Nerve III

A

Oculomotor
Motor
Eye movement, pupil constriction

6
Q

Name, Functional class, and function of of Cranial Nerve VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear
Sensory
Hearing, balance

6
Q

Name, Functional class, and function of of Cranial Nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal
Mixed
Swallowing, taste, gag reflex, salivary glands

6
Q

Name, Functional class, and function of of Cranial Nerve XI

A

Hypoglossal
Motor
Tongue movement,
speech articulation

6
Q

Name, Functional class, and function of of Cranial Nerve X

A

Vagus
Mixed
Involuntary muscles of the throat and larynx, heart, digestive functions

6
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE SCALP

A

Skin = barrier = Protection
Shock absorption

6
Q

BORDERS OF THE SCALP
Posterior
Anterior
Lateral

A

Posterior = Superior Nuchal Line
Anterior = Superior Orbital margin
Lateral = Zygomatic minor (arc)

6
Q

Name, Functional class, and function of of Cranial Nerve XII

A

Accessory
Motor
Shoulder and neck movement

7
Q

Layer of the Scalp that:
Contains hair follicles
Very thin
Has sebaceous and Sweat Glands
Has blood supply

A

Skin

7
Q

Layer of the Scalp that:
Thick and Dense
Contains fat lobules (gives yellow color)
Blood vessels are located here

A

Connective Tissue

8
Q

Layer of the Scalp that:
A lot of Spaces → Where the scalp moves

A

Loose Connective Tissue

8
Q

Layer of the Scalp that:
Nearest to the cranium (nakadikit na)

A

Periosteum

8
Q

Layer of the Scalp that:
Biggest structure
Flat Tendon
Occipital, Frontalis, Temporalis

A

Aponeurosis

8
Q

Protective cover of the brain
Spaces

A

MENINGES

8
Q

Layer of the meninges that:
Gentle
Thinnest
Highly vascularized
Follows the contour of the brain

A

Pia mater

8
Q

Layer of the meninges that is :
Durable (thick)
Meningeal Reflection(dividers)

A

Dura mater

8
Q

In the Dura mater, describe each
Falx cerebvrix -
Falx cerebelly -
Tentorum cerebelly -
Cellar Digphrgam -

A

Falx cerebvrix - b/w 2 hemisphere (superior only)
Falx cerebelly - b/w L/R cerebellujm
Tentorum cerebelly - Below falx cerebelly
Cellar Digphrgam - Pituitary area

8
Q

The ONLY avascular layer blood vessels
CSF is here

A

Arachnoid mater

9
Q

Spaces of the Meninges and their description

A

Epidural - Common artery pumuputok (MMA)

Subdural - If Blood goes here there is hemorage or TRAUMA, accidental hematoma

Subaracnoid - True space, CSF exits here

9
Q

layers of the meninges that are not usually present, it’s only present if there is a ?

A

Epidural and Subdural

9
Q

True space
CSF exits here

A

Subaracnoid

9
Q

Meaning of MMA

A

-Middle Minengial Artery

10
Q

most likely problem with the Subdural; SSX Retinal Bleeding

A

Sahken Baby Syndrome

10
Q

Layers of the meninges that is at the layer of the pons

A

🔖 Luschka and Magendi is at the level of the PONS

10
Q

CSF flow
Foramen of Monroe → Third Ventricle → ____

A

Silvian Aqueduct

11
Q

CSF flow
Choroid Plexus → Lateral Ventricles → _______?

A

Foramen of Monroe

11
Q

CSF flow:
Luschka → Magendi → Subarachnoid Space -> __

A

Arachnoid villa

11
Q

🔖 Sub arachnoid Space has a connection with?

A

Emissary Vein

11
Q

CSF flow
Silvian Aqueduct → Fourt Ventricle → ___ Arachnoid villa

A

Luschka

12
Q
A

NeuroAna (10 decks)

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