Midterms: Cerebellum (and thalamus)

Question 1

Fastigial nucleus exerts an inhibitory influence mainly on the ipsilateral extensor * muscle tone / while the dentate nucleus coordinates the muscle activity on the ipsilateral side of the body.
a. Only the 1st statement is true
b. Only the 2nd statement is true
c. Both statements are true
d. Both statements are incorrect

Answer 1

c. Both statements are true

Question 2

Which statement is not true about the cerebellum: *
a. Largest part of the hindbrain, situated in the posterior cranial fossa.
b. Composed of two hemispheres joined by the vermis.
c. anterior, posterior, and flocculonodular, separated by transverse fissures.
d. AOTA
e. NOTA

Answer 2

d. AOTA

Question 3

This structure is concerned with planning of movements *
a. Vestibulocerebellum
b. Paleocerebellum
c. Posterior cerebellum
d. Flocculonodular

Answer 3

c. Posterior cerebellum

Question 3

Which of the following passes through the middle cerebellar peduncle? *
a. Fastigial Nucleus
b. Anterior Spinocerebellar
c. Pontine Nuclei
d. Dentatothalamic pathway

Answer 3

• c. Pontine Nuclei

Question 4

This pathway crosses twice: first in the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle and then in the rubrospinal tract close to its origin.
* a. Globose-Emboliform-Rubral Pathway
* b. Dentatothalamic Pathway
* c. Fastigial Vestibular Pathway
* d. Fastigial Reticular Pathway

Answer 4

• a. Globose-Emboliform-Rubral Pathway

Question 4

This pathway descends through the corona radiata and internal capsule. *
a. Cortico-Olivary Fibers
b. Corticoreticular Fibers
c. Corticopontocerebellar
d. Anterior Spinocerebellar

Answer 4

d. Anterior Spinocerebellar

Question 5

The Paleocerebellum evolved into the spinocerebellum / which is concerned with body and limb movements
* a. Only the 1st statement is true
* b. Only the 2nd statement is true
* c/Both statements are true
* d. Both statements are incorrect

Answer 5

• c/Both statements are true

Question 5

The climbing fibers release glutamate / while the mossy fibers release aspartate *
* a. Only the 1st statement is true
b. Only the 2nd statement is true
c. Both statements are true

Answer 5

c. Both statements are true

Question 5

Efferent fibers of the cerebellar white matter originate from Purkinje cell axons / while the afferent fibers form the majority of the white matter.
* a. Only the 1st statement is true
* b. Only the 2nd statement is true
c. Both statements are true
* d. Both statements are incorrect

Answer 5

c. Both statements are true

Question 6

Which of the following is not part of the deep cerebellar nuclei? *
a. Dentate
b. Emboliform
c. Arbor Vitae
d. Globose

Answer 6

c. Arbor Vitae

Question 6

Function of the cerebellum

Answer 6

Motor movement regulation
Balance control
Coordination of gait
Maintenance of posture
Control of muscle tone
Regulation of voluntary muscle activity

Question 6

Damage to the cerebellum leads to:

Answer 6

Loss of ability to control fine movements
Impaired posture maintenance
Difficulties in motor learning

Question 7

T or F
Cerebellum is connected to your midbrain to through your Superior Cerebellar Peduncle (peduncles are where the tracts for the afferent and efferent)

Answer 7

True

Question 7

Location and position of the cerebellum

Answer 7

Location:
Largest part of the hindbrain, situated in the posterior cranial fossa.
Position
Behind the fourth ventricle, pons, and medulla oblongata.

Question 8

Coordinates movements of the trunk (neck, shoulders, thorax, abdomen, hips).

Answer 8

CORTEX OF THE VERMIS

Question 8

Controls distal extremity muscles.

Answer 8

INTERMEDIATE ZONE OF HEMISPHERE

Question 8

Plans sequential movements of the entire body.
Involvement in conscious assessment of movement errors.

Answer 8

LATERAL AREA OF HEMISPHERE

Question 9

Nucleus of the cerebellum that is Located near the midline in the vermis.
Close to the roof of the fourth ventricle.
Larger than the globose nucleus.

Answer 9

Fastigial Nucleus:

Question 9

Nucleus of the cerebellum that is Largest of the cerebellar nuclei.
Resembles a crumpled bag with the opening facing medially.
Interior filled with white matter composed of efferent fibers.

Answer 9

Dentate Nucleus:

Question 10

Nucleus of the cerebellum that is Ovoid in shape.
Positioned medial to the dentate nucleus.
Partially covers the hilus of the dentate nucleus.

Answer 10

Emboliform Nucleus:

Question 11

Nucleus of the cerebellum that Consists of one or more rounded cell groups.
Positioned medially to the emboliform nucleus.

Answer 11

Globose Nucleus:

Question 11

Nucleus of the cerebellum that is Located near the midline in the vermis.
Close to the roof of the fourth ventricle.
Larger than the globose nucleus.

Answer 11

Fastigial Nucleus:

Question 11

Nucleus of the cerebellum that Comprise large, multipolar neurons.
Simple branching dendrites.

Answer 11

Intracerebellar Nuclei:

Question 11

CLIMBING VS MOSSY FIBERS

Answer 11

CLIMBING FIBERS

Travel like vine branches on a tree in the cortex.
Represent terminal endings of olivocerebellar tracts.
Use aspartate as the main excitatory neurotransmitter.

MOSSY FIBERS

Terminal branches of various cerebellar afferent tracts.
Use glutamate as the main excitatory neurotransmitter.
Each mossy fiber may stimulate thousands of Purkinje cells.

Question 11

Egg-shaped gray matter in the diencephalon, with two parts. It relays sensory information, coordinates motor functions, and is connected to the third ventricle.

Answer 11

Term: Thalamus

q

Question 12

Divided by internal medullary lamina into medial and lateral halves. It’s covered by stratum zonale and external medullary lamina. Y-shaped division creates anterior, medial, and lateral parts.

Answer 12

Thalamus Structure

Question 12

Located at the front of the thalamus. Receives input from mammillothalamic tract and connects with cingulate gyrus and hypothalamus. Involved in emotional regulation and recent memory.

Question 12

Includes the dorsomedial nucleus and smaller nuclei. Receives diverse sensory inputs and integrates them with emotional feelings, contributing to sensory integration and emotional processing.

Answer 12

Medial Part of Thalamusq

Question 12

Definition: Comprises the lateral dorsal nucleus, lateral posterior nucleus, and pulvinar. Involved in multisensory integration and processing, with connections to various brain regions including the parietal lobe, cingulate gyrus, and occipital and temporal lobes.

Answer 12

L:atDefinition: Comprises the lateral dorsal nucleus, lateral posterior nucleus, and pulvinar. Involved in multisensory integration and processing, with connections to various brain regions including the parietal lobe, cingulate gyrus, and occipital and temporal lobes.

Question 12

Definition: Connects with the reticular formation, substantia nigra, corpus striatum, and premotor cortex. Influences motor cortex activities and motor coordination.

Answer 12

Lateral Part - Ventral (Anterior Nucleus)

Question 12

Definition: Divided into ventral posteromedial nucleus (receives trigeminal and gustatory pathways) and ventral posterolateral nucleus (receives ascending sensory tracts). Projects to primary somatic sensory areas of cerebral cortex, contributing to sensory perception.

Answer 12

Term: Lateral Part - Ventral (Posterior Nucleus)

Question 12

Definition: Small collections of nerve cells within the internal medullary lamina. Receive afferent fibers from the reticular formation and influence consciousness and alertness levels.

Answer 12

Term: Other Nuclei - Intralaminar

Question 12

Definition: Groups of nerve cells located adjacent to the third ventricle. Receive afferent fibers from the reticular formation. Functions are currently under research.

Answer 12

Term: Other Nuclei - Midline

Question 13

Definition: Bidirectional communication between thalamic nuclei and cerebral cortex, facilitating mutual modification of activities and coordination between the two brain regions.

Answer 13

Term: Thalamo-Cortical Connections