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neuroana > Midterms: Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Midterms: Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

It is classified as a walking SCI

A

Anterior cord syndrome

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2
Q

Which of the following is not in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord? *
a. Substantia Gelatinosa
b. Nucleus Marginalis
c. Nucleus Proprius
d. Dorsal Nucleus of Clarke

A

b. Nucleus Marginalis

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2
Q

Clinical examination may reveal areflexia, variable perineal anesthesia, reduced sphincter tone, and an absent anal reflex.

A

Conus Medullaris Syndrome

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2
Q

Which of the following is not within the gray matter? *
a. Neuronal cell bodies
b. Myelinated axons
c. Interneurons
d. Dendrites

A

b. Myelinated axons

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2
Q

function of this structure is to relay lower limb and mid-thoracic sensory impulses.
a. Fasciculus Cuneatus
b. Fasciculus Gracilis
c. Spinothalamic Tract
d. Spinocerebellar Tract

A

b. Fasciculus Gracilis

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2
Q

Which of the following is a function of the Ventral Horn of the spinal cord? *
a. Reflex pathway processing
b. Innervation of the proximal muscles
c. Innervates the distal muscles
d. AOTA
e. NOTA

A

d. AOTA

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2
Q

This carries unconscious proprioceptive information from muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs.

A

Spinocerebellar Tract

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2
Q

You are to see a patient aged 5 years old diagnosed with Spina Bifida. It was mentioned that the spinal cord is also affected with the diagnosis. You are asked what spinal level does the spinal cord terminate at this point of time for the patient. Your answer would be:
L1.
L2
L3
LS

A

L3

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2
Q

This exhibits affectation of ipsilateral pressure and light touch with contralateral pain and temperature involvement.

A

Brown Sequard syndrome

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2
Q

This structure is involved in abnormal postures and modulates flexor movement

A

Extrapyramidal tract

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2
Q

It is a Cylindrical structure, extending from the framen magnum (medulla) to the coccyx within the vertebral canal

A

SPINAL CORD

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2
Q

Composition of the White and Gray matter

A

White matter; Axons
Gray matter; Dendrites; unmyelinated axons ; Nucleus

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2
Q

The Spinal cord extends from what structure to what structure?

A

Extending from the FORAMEN MAGNUM to the COCCYX within the vertebral canal

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2
Q

Excessive fluid/water in spinal cord:

A

Hydromyelia

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2
Q

Substantia gelatinosa, four neuron types, abundant dendrites.

A

Lamina II:

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2
Q

Marginal zone with nucleus marginalis, two cell types (Waldeyer cells and large recognizable cells)

A

Lamina I:

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3
Q

Lamina with the Function: Synapses for noxious and temperature impulses, crossing via anterior white commissure, ascending via lateral spinothalamic tract.

A

LAMINA I & II

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3
Q

T or F
Lamina III: Uniform, large, pale cells with less Nissl substance.
Lamina IV: Non-uniform, conglomerate of different-sized cells.

A

TRUE

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3
Q

Lamina that Function: Corresponds to nucleus proprius, processes vibration and pressure touch sensations, carries proprioceptive impulses to the cerebral cortex via dorsal medial lemniscus pathway.

A

LAMINA III & IV

3
Q

Most diverse lamina, ten neuron types, extensive dendritic interconnections.

A

LAMINA V

3
Q

Function of Lamina V

A

Function: Processes sensory afferents from cutaneous, muscle, mechanical, and visceral nociceptors.

3
Q

T or F
Lamina VII is located in the lateral gray horn and extends from T1-L2, also extending into the anterior gray horn above and below these segments.

A

FALSE
Lamina VII is located in the lateral gray horn and extends from T1-L2, also extending into the anterior gray horn above and below these segments.

4
Q

this zone in the lamina VI Comprises interneurons and propriospinal neurons.
Functions in reflexes, autonomic functions, and movement.

A

Medial zone

5
Q

Adjacent to the spinal cord.
Receives axons from the intermediate gray horn.
Axons synapse within the ganglion, ascending or descending to target organs.

A

Sympathetic Ganglion Chain

6
Q

Pathology due to compression of the sympathetic chain.

A

Horner Syndrome:

7
Q

Columns of the lamina IX that Innervates proximal muscles (deep back, prevertebral neck, intercostal, anterior body wall).

A

Medial Motor Column:

8
Q

Columns of the lamina IX thatPresent in lumbar and cervical enlargements.
Innervates distal muscles (extremity, shoulder, pelvic girdle).

A

Lateral Motor Column:

9
Q

Columns of the lamina IX that Accessory nucleus (C1-C5), Phrenic nucleus (C3-C5), lumbosacral nucleus (L2-S1).

A

Central Motor Column:

10
Q

Located centrally around the central canal. They consist of axons that cross to the opposite side of the cord

A

LAMINA X

10
Q

Not a true lamina, set of columns in Lamina VII and VIII.
Cells with abundant Nissl substance.

A

LAMINA IX

11
Q

Define these components of the dorsal columnar
Fasciculus Cuneatus (Lateral):
fasciculus Gracilis (Medial):

A

Fasciculus Cuneatus (Lateral): relats upper limb and upper thoracic sensory impulses
fasciculus Gracilis (Medial): Relays lower limb and mid-thoracic sensory impulses

12
Q

Describe these components of the spinothalamic tract
Ventral spinothalamic tract:
Lateral spinothalamic tract:

A

Ventral spinothalamic tract: transmits crude touch and pressure sensation
Lateral spinothalamic tract: transmits pain and temperature sensation

13
Q

These components of the Dorsal Columnar
Lumbar Segments:
Cervical segments:

A

Lumbar Segments: single dorsal column with gracile tract, no subdivisions
Cervical segments: dorsal column has two subdivisions

14
Q

Origin: Precentral motor cortex.
Components: Lateral corticospinal tract (90% crossed fibers) and anterior corticospinal tract (10% uncrossed fibers).
Decussation: Lower medulla, named pyramidal tract due to passage through medullary pyramids.

A

CORTICOSPINAL TRACT

14
Q

Location: Lateral funiculi, adjacent to dorsal spinocerebellar tract.
Crossing: 90% fibers are crossed.
Relationship: Proximity to dorsal spinocerebellar tract in the lateral funiculi.

A

LATERAL CORTICOSPINAL TRACT

15
Q

Function: Crucial for involuntary movements.
Location: Mostly anterior portion of the cord.
Control: Indirectly controls anterior motor horn cells.

A

EXTRAPYRAMIDAL TRACT

16
Q

Origin: Contralateral red nucleus in brainstem.
Function: Modulates flexor movements, involved in abnormal postures.

A

RUBROSPINAL TRACT

17
Q

Origin: Brainstem vestibular nuclei.
Function: Maintains tone and posture, sends impulses to extensor and antigravity muscles.

A

VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACT

18
Q

Function: Controls reflex head movements in response to sudden external stimuli.
Stimuli: Auditory, tactile, visual.

A

TECTOSPINAL TRACT

19
Q

Function: Controls muscle spindles, essential for bilateral coordination in posture and locomotion.

A

RETICULOSPINAL TRACT

19
Q

The patients exhibit a greater degree of upper limb involvement compared to the lower limb.
Additionally, there is bladder involvement, and a loss of sensation is observed below the level of the lesion.

A

CENTRAL CORD SYNDROME

19
Q

Worst Prognosis
Motor function is compromised as a result of involvement of the corticospinal tract and anterior horn.
Impairment of pain and temperature sensation occurs at or below the lesion due to the involvement of the spinothalamic tract.
Autonomic manifestations, including sexual dysfunction, as well as bladder and bowel dysfunction, arise from injury to the intermediate gray zone.

A

ANTERIOR CORD SYNDROME

19
Q

Rare
There is a compression of the spinal nerves and spinal nerve roots of the cauda equina, especially the lumbar segments. The cord is spared.

A

CAUDA EQUINA SYNDROME

19
Q

Least Common
Sensory impairment results in the loss of touch, proprioceptive, and vibratory sensations below the level of the lesion due to dorsal column involvement.
Pain, temperature sensation, and motor functions remain unaffected. A positive Romberg test with sensory ataxia is expected in these cases.

A

POSTERIOR CORD SYNDROME

20
Q

Damage to the sacral cord called the conus medullaris and lumbar roots within the vertebral canal.
Spastic weakness in the lower extremities, heightened reflexes, and saddle anesthesia may occur.
Bladder and bowel dysfunction could be evident.

A

CONUS MEDULLARIS SYNDROME

neuroana (10 decks)

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