Hypothalamus

Question 1

Travels through the medial forebrain bundle.
* a. Visual afferent
* b. Olfaction
* c. Somatic and visceral afferents
* d. Auditory afferents

Answer 1

• b. Olfaction

Question 2

Lesion on this nuclei may lead to passivity

Answer 2

Ventromedial nucleus

Question 3

Bilateral destruction of this structure leads to anorexia and weight loss

Answer 3

Lateral hypothalamus

Question 3

Leaves the optic chiasma and pass to the suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 3

Visual afferent

Question 4

What hormone reduces lactogenesis

Answer 4

PIH

Question 4

Which hormone is a release-inhibiting hormone?

Answer 4

FSH

Question 4

This pathway descends through the corona radiata and internal capsule.
a. Cortico-Olivary Fibers
b. Corticoreticular Fibers
c. Corticopontocerebellar
d. Anterior Spinocerebellar

Answer 4

c. Corticopontocerebellar

Question 5

Which of the following is not an influence of the posterior and lateral nuclei? *
* a. Elevated blood pressure
* b. Accelerated heart rate
c. Pupillary constriction

Answer 5

c. Pupillary constriction

Question 5

Fastigial nucleus exerts an inhibitory influence mainly on the ipsilateral extensor muscle tone / while the dentate nucleus coordinates the muscle activity on the ipsilateral side of the body.
a. Only the 1st statement is true
b. Only the 2nd statement is true
c. Both statements are true
d. Both statements are incorrect

Answer 5

c. Both statements are true

Question 6

Plays a role in regulating emotional tone and mechanisms of recent memory. Receives inputs from the mammillothalamic tract originating from the mammillary nuclei and has reciprocal connections with the cingulate gyrus and hypothalamus.

Answer 6

Anterior Thalamic Nucleus

Question 6

Plays a crucial role in emotional regulation, integrating diverse sensory inputs (somatic, visceral, olfactory), and relating them to emotional feelings and subjective states. It contributes to overall sensory integration and emotional processing.

Answer 6

Medial Dorsal Nucleus

Question 6

Part of the visual pathway, receives almost all fibers of the optic tract and sends projections to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe. Involved in visual perception and processing.

Answer 6

Lateral Geniculate Body

Question 7

Divided into ventral posteromedial nucleus (receives trigeminal and gustatory pathways) and ventral posterolateral nucleus (receives important ascending sensory tracts). Plays a crucial role in relaying somatosensory information to the primary somatic sensory areas of the cerebral cortex.

Answer 7

Ventral Posterior Nucleus

Question 8

Part of the auditory pathway, receives auditory input from the inferior colliculus via the inferior brachium. Sends projections to the auditory cortex of the superior temporal gyrus, contributing to auditory perception and processing.

Answer 8

Medial Geniculate Body

Question 9

Function: Connects with the reticular formation, substantia nigra, corpus striatum, and premotor cortex. Influences motor cortex activities and plays a role in motor planning and execution.

Answer 9

Thalamic Nucleus: Ventral Anterior Nucleus

Question 10

Function: Small collections of nerve cells within the internal medullary lamina, believed to influence levels of consciousness and alertness in individuals. Receives afferent fibers from the reticular formation, spinothalamic tract, and trigeminothalamic tract.

Answer 10

Thalamic Nucleus: Intralaminar Nuclei

Question 11

Function: Groups of nerve cells located adjacent to the third ventricle and within the interthalamic connection. Receive afferent fibers from the reticular formation. Precise functions are currently unknown, subject to ongoing research into their roles in brain function and connectivity.

Answer 11

Thalamic Nucleus: Midline Nuclei

Question 12

Function: Found within the internal medullary lamina, these nuclei are involved in regulating levels of consciousness and alertness in individuals. They receive afferent fibers from the reticular formation, spinothalamic tract, and trigeminothalamic tract. The precise functions of intralaminar nuclei are still being researched.

Answer 12

: Intralaminar Nuclei