Finals: Cerebrum

Question 1

Function: Initiation of Movement
Associated Lesions: Spastic Paresis
Blood Supply: Superior branches of MCA

Answer 1

Primary Motor Cortex

Area #: 4

Question 2

Function: Horizontal Gaze
Associated Lesions: Slow Deviation of eye toward side of lesion
Blood Supply: Superior branches of MCA

Answer 2

Frontal Eye Field

Area #: 8

Question 3

Function: Organizes and plans emotional and intellectual aspects of behavior
Associated Lesions: Lack of focus, initiative, foresight, and perspective. Apathy, Abulia, Slowness of thought, decreased social interaction. Sucking and grasp reflexes
Blood Supply: Various (ACA and MCA)

Answer 3

Prefrontal Cortex

Area #: 9-12

Question 4

Function: Language Production
Associated Lesions: Non-fluent or expressive aphasia, Agraphia
Blood Supply: Superior branches of MCA

Answer 4

Broca’s Area

Area #: 44-45 (Dominant Hemisphere)

Question 5

Function: Motor Planning
Associated Lesions: Apraxia
Blood Supply: Superior branches of MCA

Answer 5

Premotor Cortex

Area #: 6

Question 5

Function: Touch, vibration, proprioception, pain, and temperature
Associated Lesions: Impairment of all somatic sensation
Blood Supply: Superior branches of MCA

Answer 5

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Area #: 3,1,2

Question 6

Function: Interpretation of sensory input
Associated Lesions: Apraxia, Astereognosis, impaired 2-point discrimination, graphesthesia, stereognosis
Blood Supply: ACA & MCA

Answer 6

Somatosensory Association Cortex

Area #: 5,7

Question 6

Function: Various cognitive functions
Associated Lesions: Acalculia, finger agnosia, right-left disorientation, agraphia, dyslexia
Blood Supply: MCA

Answer 6

Angular Gyrus

Area #: 39

Question 7

Function: Perception of taste
Associated Lesions: Loss of taste
Blood Supply: MCA

Answer 7

Primary Gustatory Area

Area #: 43

Question 8

Function: Integration of sensory information
Associated Lesions: Egocentricity, Non-empathic Balint’s Syndrome: Optic ataxia, ocular apraxia, simultagnosia
Blood Supply: MCA

Answer 8

Supramarginal Gyrus

Area #: 40

Question 8

Function: Processing of auditory stimuli
Associated Lesions: Partial Deafness
Blood Supply: Middle Temporal Branch Of The Medial Cerebral Artery

Answer 8

Primary Auditory Cortex

Area #: 41

Question 9

Function: Processing of auditory stimuli
Associated Lesions: Cortical Deafness
Blood Supply: Middle Temporal Branch Of The Medial Cerebral Artery

Answer 9

Associative (Secondary) Auditory Cortex

Area #: 42

Question 10

Function: Auditory Association
Associated Lesions: Wernicke’s Aphasia (receptive)
Blood Supply: Inferior Temporal Branch Of The Middle Cerebral Artery

Answer 10

Wernicke’s Area

Area #: 22 (Left only)

Question 11

Location: Separates the cingulate gyrus from the superior frontal gyrus
Function: Involved in emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory

Answer 11

Cingulate Sulcus

Question 12

Location: Superior to the corpus callosum
Function: Emotion formation and processing, learning, memory

Answer 12

Cingulate Gyrus

Question 13

Location: Superior to the corpus callosum
Function: Emotion formation and processing, learning, memory

Answer 13

Cingulate Gyrus

Question 14

Location: Located in the occipital lobe
Function: Contains the primary visual cortex

Answer 14

Calcarine Sulcus

Question 15

Location: Medial temporal lobe
Function: Memory encoding and retrieval

Answer 15

Parahippocampal Gyrus

Question 16

Location: Superior and medial parts of the frontal lobe
Function: Involved in higher cognitive functions and motor planning

Answer 16

Medial Frontal Gyrus

Question 17

Location: Anterior part of the parahippocampal gyrus
Function: Involved in the sense of smell and part of the limbic system

Answer 17

Uncus

Question 18

Function: Connects the two cerebral hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication
Parts: Rostrum, genu, body, splenium

Answer 18

Corpus Callosum

Question 19

Function: Connects the two cerebral hemispheres
Parts: Rostrum, genu, body, splenium

Answer 19

Corpus Callosum

Question 20

Location: Crosses midline in the lamina terminalis
Function: Connects temporal lobes and olfactory regions

Answer 20

Anterior Commissure

Question 21

Location: Crosses midline above the cerebral aqueduct
Function: Involved in pupillary light reflex

Answer 21

Posterior Commissure

Question 22

Location: Superior part of pineal stalk
Function: Connects habenular nuclei, involved in the limbic system

Answer 22

Habenular Commissure

Question 22

Function: Connect adjacent gyri within the same hemisphere

Answer 22

Short Association Fibers

Question 23

Function: Connect distant cortical regions within the same hemisphere

Answer 23

Long Association Fibers

Question 24

Function: Carries information between the cortex and other areas of the CNS

Answer 24

Internal Capsule

Question 25

Function: Radiating projection fibers that carry signals between the cerebral cortex and the brainstem

Answer 25

Corona Radiata

Question 26

Function: Part of the visual pathway, carrying visual information from the thalamus to the visual cortex

Answer 26

Optic Radiation

Question 26

Definition: Compact band of nerve fibers connecting brain stem to cerebral cortex.
Position: Between caudate nucleus/thalamus (medial) and lentiform nucleus (lateral).
Division: Anterior and posterior limbs at the genu.

Answer 26

Internal Capsule

Question 27

Definition: Fan-shaped collection of projection fibers.
Function: Connects the cerebral cortex to the brainstem and spinal cord.

Answer 27

Corona Radiata

Question 28

Definition: Fibers in the posterior limb of the internal capsule.
Function: Transmits visual information from the thalamus to the primary visual cortex.

Answer 28

Optic Radiation

Question 29

Representation: “Small man” representing the body map in the sensory and motor areas of the cerebral cortex.
Function: Demonstrates the proportion of the cortex dedicated to processing sensory and motor functions for different parts of the body.

Answer 29

Sensory and Motor Homunculus