Preliminary Core 2 - CQ1 Musculoskeletal + Cardiorespiratory System Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Protect vital organs
Provide structure and posture
Support movement
Produce red blood cells
Store minerals
What are the 4 major types of bones?
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
What are the different parts of the spine?
Cervical: 7
Thoracic: 12
Lumbar: 5
What are the 3 different types of joints
Immovable (Skull)
Slightly movable (Cartilage)
Freely moveable (Synovial Joints)
What are the 5 different types of Synovial Joints
Ball and socket
Saddle (Carpals + Metacarpals)
Hinge (Lever)
Condyloid (Jaw + FIngers)
Gliding (Wrist)
What are the functions of the Synovial Joints
Ligament: Fibrous bands connecting bon to bone
Tendons: Muscle to Bone
Synovial Fluid: Lubricating fluid
Hayline Cartilage: Shock absorber
List the Joint actions
Flexion/Extension
Adduction/Abduction
Rotation/Circumduction
Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion
Supernation/Pronation
What is the muscular system?
Origin: Where the muscle is attached to the bone
Insertion: Where muscle connects to bone further away from the body
Palpation: Feeling the muscles in your body
What is the muscle relationship
Agonist: The main muscle which moves (Shortens)
Antagonist: The muscle which relaxes and lengthens so that the agonist can move (Lengthens)
What are the Isotonics
Concentric: The muscle that contracts (Agonist)
Eccentric: Muscle that lengthens under tension (Antagonist)
Isometric: Have tension but doesn’t move
What happens in the Respiratory System
Body takes in O2 and removes C02
Use O2 as the main source to freeing energy from food
Gaseous exchange
What is the Pharynx
The lever which is located in the throat which keeps food and air in the right spot
What is the Larynx
The voice box
What is the nasal cavity?
Located in the nose which contains hair which filters foreign objects when air enters body
What is the Trachea?
The windpipe which is very flexible and expels dust and foreign particles
What is the Bronchi + Alveoli?
Bronchi divides to bronchioles and at the ends are alveoli
Alveoli are air sacks where gas exchange occurs
What happens during inspiration?
Air moves into lungs
Chest volume increases
Pulls walls outwards
Decrease air pressure
Diaphragm contracts
What happens during Expiration
Forces air out of body
Pressure is equal inside and out
Decrease chest volume
Diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards
What is the Circulatory System (Cardiovascular)? (5)
A NETWORK that distributes oxygenated blood + nutrients and collects waste
Transporting materials to muscle in order to move
Transport O2 to tissues, remove C02 + waste
Protects the body with the immune system + clots
Main body temperature
What are the components of blood?
Red: Carries 02+C02, Haemoglobin (Iron +Protein), around the body
White: Protects +immunity
- Phagocyte: Engulf foreign material (bacteria)
- Lymphocyte: Produces antibodies
Platelets: Produce clotting substances to prevent harmful blood loss
What happens during the Cardiac cycle
Diastole: Relaxing/filling
Systole: Contracting/pumping
Components of the heart
Heart: Circulates blood and contracts rhythmically
Atria: Receives blood
Ventricles: Pumps blood
Valves: Flow on direction
Describe the circulation of oxygen through the heart and lungs
Deoxygenated blood come through Vena cava —> Right Atrium —> Right Ventricle —> Travels into the lungs through the Pulmonary Artery —> Gaseous exchange in the lungs (O2 in C02 out) —> Oxygenated blood in through Pulmonary vein —> Left Atrium —> Left Ventricle —> Out into the body through the Aorta —> 02 into muscle, C02 back into blood cells
