First Aid - CQ1 Main priorities for assessment and management of first aid patients

Question 1

Define First Aid

Answer 1

Emergency care given to victims before medical help arrives
It is important to set priorities for managing first aid situations

Question 2

What is the aim of first aid?

Answer 2

Reserve life
Protect the unconscious
Prevent condition from worsening
Promote recovery
Seek medical assisstance

Question 3

What things to consider when approaching a first aid scene?

Answer 3

Analyse the situation
- What happened?
- What can ‘I’ do (skill wise)
Plan and prioritise important issues

Question 4

What to report when contacting 000?

Answer 4

The TYPE (seriousness)
The NUMBER of people involved
The LOCATION
Is the patient BREATHING

Question 5

What is a Secondary Survey?

Answer 5

Injuries considered non-critical

Question 6

What is required by the PEOPLE during an emergency?

Answer 6

Requesting bystanders to call for help (000)
Directing people (Hazard lights, to safety, giving space)
Requesting assistance

Question 7

What is the order when prioritising the area of injury?

Answer 7

1. Chest
2. Head
3. Spine
4. Abdomen
5. Pelvis
6. Limbs

Question 8

What is the DRSABCD

Answer 8

Danger
Response
Send for help
Airway
Breathing
CPR
Defibrillation

Question 9

What to do in danger (DRSABCD)?

Answer 9

Check for dangers and hazards
- Yourself, patient(s), others
ALL elements of danger are removed
- Lowers risks of everyone
- Prevent further injury/casualties

Question 10

What to do during response (DRSABCD)?

Answer 10

Assess the level of consciousness
COWS (list acronym)
Conscious: Treat accordingly to injury in a comfortable position (Secondary Assessment)
Unconscious: Airway + potential spinal injury

Question 11

What to do when sending for help (DRSABCD)?

Answer 11

Caller MUST be able to stay on the phone and aware of the condition
Location, access, injury, number, estimated age, consciousness
- Informs for equipment to bring

Question 12

What to do in Airway (DRSABCD)?

Answer 12

Open, clear and maintain
Recovery position (Prevent secondary drowning)
Pistol hold on chin, other hand on head tilting it back (open)
Remove foreign objects (clear)

Question 13

What to do in Breathing (DRSABCD)?

Answer 13

Look, listen and feel
Takes around 10 secs
Sudden gasping is NOT breathing

Question 14

What to do in CPR (DRSABCD)?

Answer 14

Chest compression
- 100bpm (hard and fast compression)
- Heel of hands, fingers PARALLEL to ribs (Breast bone)
- Compress 1/3 of the chest depth (Body weight)
Rescue breaths (30:2)
- Breathing normally
- Pinch nose and pistol hold
- Watch stomach for signs of breathing
CPR until breathing/paramedics arrived/exhaustion/death

Question 15

What to do in Defibrillation (DRSABCD)?

Answer 15

Ensure a defibrillator
- Improves chance of survival
- Electric shocks to a stopped heart
Follow visual/voice instructions

Question 16

The order to prioritise serious conditions

Answer 16

1. Breathing
2. Bleeding]
3. Burns
4. Bones

Question 17

What are the 3 major conditions for Crisis Management?

Answer 17

Bleeding
Shock
Neck & Spinal Injuries

Question 18

Symptoms and Management of Bleeding

Answer 18

S: Blood oozing from capillary or/and flowing from veins or/and spurt from artery
M: DRSABCD, gloves, PER

Question 19

What is PER (Bleeding management)?

Answer 19

Pressure
Elevation
Rest/Referral

Question 20

Symptoms and Management of Shock

Answer 20

S: Body shuts off the blood supply to extremities (arms, leg, skin), pale/cold/clammy, weak, rapid shallow breathing, nausea/faintness
M: DRSABCD, Reassuring, loosen restrictive clothing, comfortable position, leg above height of heart, no food/drinks

Question 21

Symptoms and Management of Neck and Spinal Injuries

Answer 21

S: Pain at/below injury site, loss of movement, tingling hands or feet
M: Not move, AIRWAY, Support head+neck (Conscious) DRSABCD (unconscious), Loosen clothing, reassuring

Question 22

What is the STOP Regime?

Answer 22

Used in a sporting setting ND for secondary assessment
Stop
Talk
Observe
Prevent further injuries

Question 23

What to do in Stop (STOP)

Answer 23

Stop athlete from participating/ moving
Stop the game if necessary
Do not panic

Question 24

What to do in Talk (STOP)?

Answer 24

Talk to athlete
- What, how, where etc.
- Words of encouragement

Question 25

What to do in Observe (STOP)?

Answer 25

General: Distressed, unusual position/posture, comfortable environment
Injury: Swelling, deformity, comparing limbs, tenderness

Question 26

What to do in Prevent Further Injury (STOP)

Answer 26

Severe: Head,facial,spinal,chest,abdomen injuries, factures, bleeding - Get help
Less severe: Strains(Ligament), strains(Muscle), muscle bruises(Tendons) - R(est)I(ce)C(ompression)E(levation)R(eferral)
Minor: Bumps, bruises - Play on