First Aid - CQ2 Managing the major types of injuries and medical conditions Flashcards
What are Abrasions?
Scraped skin
What are Sterile Materials and what are they used for?
Another word for alcohol wipes used to cleanse area so it can prevent infections
What are nonstick dressing used for?
Reduce pain + trauma
Protection + healing mechanism
Prevent infections
What are the two different types of wounds?
Penetrating: Deep wound from an object
Open: Incisions (surgical cut) or Laceration (Deep cut/tear)
What does adding pressure do on a bleeding wound?
Controls the bleeding
What are Dislocations and Fractures?
D: Bone knocked out of normal position
F: Broken bone (Under skin, Penetrating or Complicated)
What are the symptoms of Dislocations and Fractures?
Deformity, swelling, bruising, pain, Inability to move
What to use when immobilising a patient?
Sling
Splint
Bandage
What does ice do for dislocation/fractures?
Reduces pain
What are the symptoms of a head injury/concussion?
Nausea, dizzy, headaches
Memory loss, unconscious
Blurred vision or speech
Loss of movement
How to treat a head injury/concussion
Support head/back
Lateral position if conscious
Symptoms of an eye injury
Irritation/pain in the eyes
Watery/redness
Inability to open eyes
How to manage an eye injury
Do not remove embedded object by rubbing
Cover eyes, lateral position (depends on seriousness)
Treating Nasal injuries
Breath through mouth
Lean forward and pinch nose if bleeding
DO NOT attempt to remove object
What are the symptoms of a burn?
Swelling, redness, blisters, shock
How to treat a burn
Run under cold water
Remove jewelry
DO NOT break blisters or apply cream
How to manage a tooth injury?
Keep the tooth in place if loose
Clean with saliva or place in milk if knocked out
What to do if electrocuted
Turn off power source
Don’t move live wires
Run under cold water if burnt
What to do in cases of chest injuries
Insure comfortable position
Shallow breathing
Pad injured area
Symptoms of Abdominal injuries
Pain at site
Nausea and vomiting
Breathing difficulties
Blood in urine
What is the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest?
A heart attack is when the capillaries are blocked stopping the blood circulation
A cardiac arrest is when the heart ceases to function and stops pumping blood
What is a Stroke?
When there is an interruption of the blood supply to the brain
What are the symptoms of a stroke?
Slurred speech
Blurred vision
Irregular pupil size
Loss of movement and consciousness
Seizures
What is diabetes?
When either the body isn’t able to produce and regulate INSULIN to maintain blood sugar levels OR when sugar levels are monitored to moderate diet
What are the two types of diabetes?
Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar (teens)
Hyperglycemia: High blood sugar (adults)
What are the symptoms of Hyper and hypoglycemia?
Hypoglycemia: Rapid pulse, profuse sweating, trembling, dizziness, hunger
Hyperglycemia: Rapid pulse, drowsiness, thirsty
Prevention methods to diabetes
Meals are regular intervals, complex carbs, regular exercise, avoid large amounts of fat
What is the definition, symptoms and management of asthma?
Narrowing of airways causing breathing difficulties
S: Tightness is chest, sweating, wheezing, difficulty talking, coughing
M: Reassuring, assisting medication, monitoring breathing, water, relaxation- controlled breathing
What is epilepsy and what are the symptoms?
A disruption in the brain function
S: Rigid body, tight jaw, mouth frothing, loss of bladder control, unconscious
What is Anaphylaxis and it’s symptoms?
A sudden allergy reaction
S: Breathing/talking difficulty, swelling, tightness, wheezing, coughing, unconscious, hives, redness, vomiting, abdominal pain
How to manage Anaphylaxis
DRSABCD
Remove the trigger
Implement victims’s anaphylaxis management plan
Urgent medical assistance
What are the different ways poisoning could happen?
Swallowed
Injection
Inhalation
Through skin
What are the symptoms of a heat exhaustion?
Rapid/weak pulse, clammy, pale skin, headaches, dizziness, fatigue, profuse sweating, dilated pupils, extreme thrist
Symptoms of a heat stroke
Unconscious, body temperature rises, rapid breathing/pulse, lack of sweat, hot, dry skin
Management of heat exhaustion and heat stroke
DRSABCD
Rest in cool, shaded area, ice + wet towels on body, water
Symptoms of Hypothermia
Shivering, weak pulse, slurred speech, slow response, shallow breathing
What uses ice compressions as treatment
Wasps, red backs, spiders, bees, ants
What uses pressure immobilisation as treatment?
Snake, funnel webs
What uses heat compression as a treatment?
Blue bottles
