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HISTOPATHOLOGY > PRELIM LEC: SOMATIC DEATH > Flashcards

PRELIM LEC: SOMATIC DEATH Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to the complete cessation of metabolic and functional abilities of an organism

A

SOMATIC DEATH

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2
Q

Occurs 4-6 minutes, then death follows

A

Primary Changes of Death

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3
Q

Primary Changes of Death (CRC)

A
  1. Circulatory failure
  2. Respiratory failure
  3. Central Nervous System failure
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4
Q

start of death when cardiac function
ceases; flat electrocardiogram (ECG), and/or absence of heartbeat is indicative

A

Circulatory failure

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5
Q

decrease O2 and increase CO2; loss of all
processes necessary for life; absence of respiratory sounds and movements is indicative

A

Respiratory failure

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5
Q

loss of coordination and reflexes; absence of brain stem reflex, and/or electroencephalogram (EEG) activity is indicative

A

Central Nervous System failure

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6
Q

Secondary Changes of Death (ARLPDPA)

A
  1. Algor Mortis
  2. Rigor Mortis
  3. Livor Mortis/Sugillation
  4. Post-mortem Clotting

The next 3 stages of death occurs simultaneously and leads to the total digestion of cells:
5. Dessication
6. Putrefaction
7. Autolysis

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7
Q

Cooling of the body; decrease in temperature

A

Algor Mortis

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8
Q

Equalizing of the body temperature to the external temp

A

Algor Mortis

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9
Q

Algor Mortis Normal rate of cooling:

A

7 Fahrenheit/hr

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10
Q

Algor Mortis Sped up by:

A

cold environment, malnutrition/dehydration, severe hemorrhage

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11
Q

Algor Mortis Slowed by:

A

fever, extreme physical activity before death

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12
Q

Stiffening of muscles due to lack of ATP (ATP is
responsible for driving calcium ions back to sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscles)

A

Rigor Mortis

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13
Q

First appears in the involuntary muscles of heart

A

Rigor Mortis

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14
Q

Observed in eyelids, followed by neck, then lower extremities

A

Rigor Mortis

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14
Q

Starts 2-3 hrs post-mortem, completes 6-12 hrs post-mortem; persists for 3-4 days

A

Rigor Mortis

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15
Q

After 3 to 4 days, relaxation occurs due to breakdown of contracted muscles

A

Rigor Mortis

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16
Q

Rigor Mortis Factors:

A

muscle activity by the time of death;

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16
Q

Rigor Mortis Sped up by:

A

warm environment; infancy; thin-layered muscles

16
Q

Rigor Mortis Slowed by:

A

cold environment; obese people

17
Q

Purplish discoloration of skin due to blood stasis

A

Livor Mortis/Sugillation

18
Q

Blood vessels dilate due to loss of muscle tone

A

Livor Mortis/Sugillation

18
Q

Lividity of the dependent portions of the body due to settling of blood to the lowest parts of the body at the time of death

A

Livor Mortis/Sugillation

19
Q

Cause

Livor Mortis/Sugillation

A

Post-mortem stasis of blood

20
Q

After application of pressure (Blanching test)

Livor Mortis/Sugillation

A

Discoloration disappears

21
Q

After incision

Livor Mortis/Sugillation

A

Has oozing

22
Q

Cause

Ecchymosis

A

Trauma

23
Q

After application of pressure (Blanching test)

Ecchymosis

A

No disappearance

24
Q

After incision

Ecchymosis

A

No oozing

25
Q

Occurs immediately after death; apparent only in autopsy

A

Post-mortem Clotting

26
Q

Appearance

Post-mortem Clotting

A

Upper layer is clear (resembles chicken
fat); RBC settles at the lowest part of the blood vessel (resembles currant jelly)

26
Q

Consistency

Post-mortem Clotting

A

Rubbery

27
Q

Shape

Post-mortem Clotting

A

Assumes blood vessel shape

28
Q

Appearance

Ante-Mortem Clot

A

Has tangled, irregular fibrin

29
Q

Shape

Ante-Mortem Clot

A

Seldom assumes blood vessel shape

30
Q

Consistency

Ante-Mortem Clot

A

Non-rubbery

30
Q

General drying and wrinkling of fluid-filled organs;

A

Dessication

30
Q

most evident in the cornea, and anterior chamber of eye

A

Dessication

31
Q

Decomposition of body carried out by microbial action (normal flora from gut migrates to blood vessels and spreads all over the body)

A

Putrefaction

32
Q

Putrefaction Principal agent:

A

Clostridium welchii (gram-positive,
anaerobic, rod-shaped)

33
Q

Putrefaction First external sign:

A

Greenish discoloration of skin over the
right iliac fossa due to bacterial hydrogen sulfide reacting with hemoglobin, thus forming sulphahemoglobin which stains the area green

34
Q

Eventual production of foul-smelling gas due to invasion of saprophytes, which leads to distension of abdomen, swelling of face and genitalia, and liquefaction of internal organs

A

Putrefaction

35
Q

Most resistant to putrefaction: prostate gland

A

Putrefaction

36
Q

“Self-destruction”; the self-digestion of the cells by their own enzymes;

A

Autolysis

37
Q

First external sign is the whitish appearance of cornea

A

Autolysis

38
Q

The next 3 stages of death occurs simultaneously and leads to the total digestion of cells:

A
  1. Dessication
  2. Putrefaction
  3. Autolysis

HISTOPATHOLOGY (8 decks)

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