MIDTERM LEC: CLEARING Flashcards

1
Q

Removing dehydrant from tissue, and replacing it with a fluid miscible to both dehydrant and embedding agent

A

CLEARING

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2
Q

Makes tissues “transluscent” or transparent, hence the term clearing

A

CLEARING

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3
Q

Most are flammable fluids and have low boiling points

A

CLEARING

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4
Q

Excessive clearing may cause brittleness

A

CLEARING

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5
Q

Characteristics of a Clearing Agent:

A

 Miscible with alcohol, paraffin, and mounting media
 Causes minimum shrinkage
 Should not dissolve Aniline dyes
 Should not evaporate quickly in water bath
 Makes tissues transparent

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6
Q

CLEARING SOLUTIONS:

A
  1. Xylene/Xylol
  2. Benzene
  3. Toluene
  4. Chloroform
  5. Cedarwood Oil
  6. Aniline Oil
  7. Clove Oil
  8. Carbon tetrachloride
  9. Tetrachloride
  10. Methyl benzoate and Methyl salicylate
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7
Q

15-30 mins to 1hr working time (most rapid)

A

Xylene/Xylol

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7
Q

Most commonly used clearing agent

A

Xylene/Xylol

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8
Q

Colorless

A

Xylene/Xylol

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8
Q

Becomes milky when tissues are not completely dehydrated

A

Xylene/Xylol

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9
Q

Not for nervous tissues and lymph nodes because will cause hardening and shrinkage

A

Xylene/Xylol

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10
Q

Urgent biopsies and routine purposes (15 to 60 mins); very volatile in paraffin oven

A

Benzene

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11
Q

Damages the bone marrow leading to aplastic anemia

A

Benzene

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11
Q

Substitute for xylene or benzene, but slower (1-2hrs)

A

Toluene

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12
Q

Toxic upon prolonged exposure when used in high conc

A

Toluene

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13
Q

Does not cause brittleness even when tissues are left for 1 day; not carcinogenic

A

Toluene

14
Q

For tissue blocks up to 1cm thick; recommended for large & tough tissues; CNS tissues, lymph nodes, and embryos

A

Chloroform

15
Q

Does not make tissues translucent

A

Chloroform

16
Q

Toxic to liver, tissues tend to float

A

Chloroform

17
Q

For CNS tissues and cytology, smooth muscle, skin

A

Cedarwood oil

18
Q

Becomes milky in prolonged storage

A

Cedarwood oil

19
Q

Forms crystals with acetic-alcohol fixed tses
(remedy: heat to 200OC prior to using)

A

Cedarwood oil

20
Q

For skin and smooth muscle, but tends to be adulterated

A

Clove Oil

20
Q

P: for insects, embryos, and delicate tses

A

Aniline Oil

21
Q

Properties and disadvantages are similar to
chloroform but is relatively cheaper

A

Carbon tetrachloride

22
Q

o For double embedding
o Slow acting

A

Methyl benzoate and Methyl salicylate

22
Q

Shortened turnaround time

A

Tetrahydrofuran

23
Q

OTHER CLEARING SOLUTION:

A
  1. Gum Syrup & Glycerin
  2. Oil of Bergamot
  3. Oil of Origanum
  4. Oil of wintergreen
  5. Carbon Disulfide
  6. Carbol Xylene
  7. Terpineol
  8. Phenol
  9. High Test Aviation Lead-free gasoline
24
Q

for skin and smooth muscle

A

Oil of Bergamot

24
Q

used when clearing directly from
water (as in a frozen section)

A

Gum Syrup & Glycerin

25
Q

for skin

A

Oil of Origanum

26
Q

artificial oil, for delicate tissues

A

Oil of wintergreen

27
Q

for smooth muscle; has foul odor

A

Carbon Disulfide

28
Q

for friable tissues

A

Carbol Xylene

29
Q

for delicate tissues like eyes

A

Terpineol

30
Q

for smooth muscles

A

Phenol

31
Q

excellent clearing agent

A

High Test Aviation Lead-free gasoline