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122L > Prelim | L1: Mastery of Respiratory System Anatomy with Radiologic Correlation > Flashcards

Prelim | L1: Mastery of Respiratory System Anatomy with Radiologic Correlation Flashcards

1
Q

The respiratory system shares the responsibility of (1) and (2) (Gas exchange)

A
  1. supplying the body with oxygen
  2. eliminating CO2
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2
Q

MAJOR ORGANS AND STRUCTURES

A

Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

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3
Q

ACCESSORY STRUCTURES

A

Diaphragm
Sinuses

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4
Q

The respiratory system is classified according to:

A
  • Structure
  • Function
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5
Q

Subdivisions of the Structural division

A
  • Upper Respiratory System
    Main: Nose, Pharynx
    Subparts: Others
  • Lower Respiratory System
    Main: Larynx
    Accessory: Diaphragm
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6
Q

Subdivisions of the Functional division

A
  • Conducting Zone
  • Respiratory Zone
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7
Q

Filter, warms, moistens air

A

Conducting zone

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8
Q

The conducting zone is the entry point to the —

A

alveoli

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9
Q

Structures involved with gas exchange

A

Respiratory Zone

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10
Q

Entry point of air into respiratory system

A

External Nares

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11
Q

Start and end point of the internal nares

A

From nasal cavity to pharynx

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12
Q

Common passageway for air and food

A

Pharynx

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13
Q

Location (found) and area (extends to and from) of the nasopharynx

A

Posterior to nasal cavity
Nasal cavity → soft palate

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14
Q

Location (found) and area (extends to and from) of the oropharynx

A

Posterior to the oral cavity
Soft palate → level of hyoid bone

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15
Q

Location (found) and area (extends to and from) of the laryngopharynx

A

Inferior division of the pharynx
Level of the hyoid bone → Larynx opening

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16
Q

Separates nasal and oral cavity

A

Palate

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17
Q

Most posterior part of the palate

A

Soft palate

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18
Q

Prevents food and liquid from entering the larynx

A

Epiglottis

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19
Q

The hyoid bone functions as an attachment point for muscles of the (1), (2), and (3)

A
  1. tongue
  2. neck
  3. pharynx
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20
Q

Conducting passageway for air

A

Trachea/ windpipe

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21
Q

Double-layered membrane that covers the surface of the lungs

A

PLEURA/ PLEURAL MEMBRANE

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22
Q

In between the layers of the pleura are spaces called (1) which contains (2)

A
  1. pleural cavity
  2. pleural fluid
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23
Q

Layers of the pleural membrane/ pleura

A
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura
24
Q

Superficial layer of the pleural membrana/ pleura

A

Parietal pleura

25
Q

Lines the walls of the thoracic cavity

A

Parietal pleura

26
Q

Covers surface of the lung

A

Visceral pleura

27
Q

Muscular structure that aids in breathing and respiration

28
Q

Site of gas exchange

29
Q

Extends from the larynx to the main bronchi

A

Trachea/ windpipe

30
Q

It is composed of C-shaped rings of cartilage and smooth muscle

A

Trachea (windpipe)

31
Q

Why are lower respiratory systems called the bronchial tree?

A

Structures appear as an invertred tree

32
Q

Where the trachea divides/ separates into main bronchi

33
Q

Differentiate the bronchi sides

A

Right bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical in orientation compared to the left

34
Q

Appearance of bones in radiographs

A

White/ very bright (Radiopaque)

35
Q

Appearance of air in radiographs

A

Dark/ black (Radiolucent)

36
Q

Appearance of soft tissue structures in radiographs

A

Different shades of gray

37
Q

Appearance of fluids in radiographs

A

Off-white/ Grayish

38
Q

What should appear sharp in a normal CXR?

A
  • Border of the heart
  • Border of the diaphragm
  • Angle of the lungs
39
Q

Describe the apex of the lungs

A

Narrow superior part of the lungs

40
Q

Describe the base of the lungs

A

Broad, inferior part of the lungs

41
Q

Which has a darker appearance on radiographs? The trachea or vertebrae?

42
Q

Largest artery in the body

43
Q

Region found in the medial aspect of the lungs where blood (vessels?) or other structures exit or enter

44
Q

Describe why the diaphragm of the right and left differ

A

The diaphragm of the right lung is higher because of the presence of the liver

45
Q

Describe why the lungs differ in size

A

The left lung is smaller because of the presence of the heart

46
Q

Hump/convex structure of the heart seen on the radiograph

A

Aortic knob/ notch

47
Q

Describe the anterior and posterior rib when seen on a radiograph

A

ANTERIOR RIB: Pataas
POSTERIOR RIB: Pababa

48
Q

Collapse of the lungs where no air is entering that side of the lungs anymore

A

Atelectasis

49
Q
  • Infection of the lungs commonly seen on the base of the lungs
  • Borders are filled with fluid or pus instead of air
50
Q

Excessive abnormal collection/ amount of fluid in the pleural cavity

A

Pleural effusion

51
Q

Term referring to a black or dark appearance on ultrasounds

52
Q

Infection of the lungs usually seen in the apex of the lungs

A

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB)

53
Q

Spread of cancer cells

A

Metastases

54
Q

Cotton ball appearance spread throughout the lung’s entirety

A

Pulmonary metastases

55
Q

Where is the liver found?

A

Below the right diaphragm

56
Q

Where is the diaphragm found?

A

Basement of the lung

57
Q

Determines the volume of pleural effusion

A

Ultrasound

122L (12 decks)

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