Finals | Exploration of Reproductive System Physiology Flashcards
Sample for pregnancy test
- Urine (pee)
- Blood
A PREGNANCY TEST can tell whether you’re pregnant by checking a sample of your (1) or (2) for a (3)
- urine (pee)
- blood
- specific hormone
Hormone present when female is pregnant
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
Which is more sensitive b/n blood test and urine? Why?
Blood tests are slightly more sensitive than urine because they can detect very small levels of HCG
What to look at a pregnancy test
C: Control line region
T: Test line region
Validates the test. If absent or unclear, usually test is faulty and needs to retake a test
Control line region
It means PREGNANT
Both C and T lines
Lab exam of a sample of seminal fluild
Seminal analysis
Other term for Seminal analysis
Sperm count
Seminal analysis is the determination of (1), (2), (3), and the (4), (5), and the (6) of a sperm— usually to check for possible (7)
- semen volume
- alkalinity or acidity (pH)
- sperm number (sperm count)
- motility
- shape
- viability
- male infertilizty
SPERMS are
- like (1)
- its head includes (2) which fertilizes an egg cell
- its tail helps it (3)
- tadpoles
- genetic material (DNA)
- swim
Fluids function
Lubricates urethra and makes it possible to deposit sperms
These help fuel the sperm cells
Proteins, vitamins, and minerals
Factors checked during semen analysis
pH scale
semen volume
sperm count
sperm motility
sperm morphology
Refers to the level of acids and bases in semen
pH scale
What happens if semen is too acidic?
Can affect the healthy sperms (Kill sperms or affect ability to move)
Amount of semen in sample
Semen volume
Low semen could indicate?
Low amount of sperm to fertilize an egg
Excess fluid could mean?
The amount of sperm is diluted
Number of sperm in the entire sample
Sperm count
A low sperm count may ?
Make it difficult to ger a female pregnant
Number of sperm that have normal shape
Sperm morphology
Sperm with abnormal shapes may not be able to ?
fertilize an egg
Ability of sperm to swim (movement)
Sperm motility
Sperm must be able to — to fertilize an egg
move forward
Abnormal semen analysis results can mean that?
You have a below-average chance of achieving pregnancy
Refers to the size and shape of sperm
Spterm morphology
Normal sperms have a distinctive (1), (2) and (3)
- head
- midpiece
- tail
Appearance of a sperm’s head
Oval-shaped head; symmetrical, smooth, and free of any abnormalities
Appearance of a sperm’s tail
Straight, smooth, and undamaged tail
ABNORMAL SPERMS have (1) shape or size and can affect the ability to (2)
- irregular
- fertilize an egg
What factors can contribute to an abnormal sperm?
- Genetic predisposition
- Environmental toxins
- Hormonal imbalances
- Lifestyle (ex. smoking and excessive alcohol consumption)
Abnormal sperm morphology
- Head abnormalities
- Midpiece abnormalities
- Tail abnormalities
Head abnormalities
- Large head
- Small head
- Double head
Midpiece abnormalities
- Thick midpiece
- Thin midpiece
Tail abnormalities
- Short tail
- No tail
- Coiled tail
Large head
Head is abnormally larger than usual, affecting its ability to penetrate the female egg
Small head
Head of sperm is abnormally smaller than usual, affecting its genetic material
Double head
Two heads present in a single sperm cell, indicative of a severe functional abnormality
Contains several important structures that are essential for the sperm’s motility and energy production
Midpiece
Most important part of sperm’s midpiece
Mitochondria
Thick midpiece
Abnormally thick midpiece, impact its movement
Thin midpiece
Thinner midpiece than usual, impacting its function
Help the sperm swim towards the egg
Tail
Defect in the structure of the tail can cause ?
the sperm to be unable to swim successfully toward the egg
Shory tail
Low or no motility and are called stump tail
Exposed to either incorrect seminal fluid conditions or the presence of bacteria; cannot swim
Coiled tail
Examinations done in A14: Exploration of REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Physiology
Pregnancy Test
Seminal Fluid Analysis
- Physical Examination
- Motility assessment
- Morphology assessment
Physical examination. With the seminal fluid sample poured into the test tube, what are assessed?
Color
Volume (appr,)
pH
Consistency
Odor
Motility assessment.
- Smear all the edges of the coverslip with (1) using the (2) to prevent the (3) from (4) into the (5)
- Put one drop of (6) in the slide and gently cover it with the (7)
- Observe the (8) and (9) and the (10) of the cells under (11)
- petroleum jelly
- applicator stick
- cover slip
- crushing
- sample
- seminal fluid sample
- slip with jelly sealant
- movement
- direction
- level
- HPO
