PRELIM 05 - Evaluation of Drugs and Extraction Flashcards
Means “impression on the organs”; evaluation by means of the sense organs (Evaluation of drugs)
Organoleptic
Involves the use of microscope to evaluate detailed examination of crude drugs in the entire and powdered forms (Evaluation of drugs)
Microscopic evaluation
Determination of various physical characteristics using various physicochemical techniques (Evaluation of drugs)
Physical evaluation
Used in determining the pharmacological activity of the drug (Evaluation of drugs)
Biologic evaluation
Biologic evaluation is also known as __________ or __________ (BB)
Biological assay, Bioassay
Pigeon (Drug assayed)
Digoxin
Cat (Drug assayed)
Atropine
Rabbit (Drug assayed)
Insulin
Sheep plasma (Drug assayed)
Heparin
Consists of both qualitative and quantitative tests used in determining the active constituent present (Evaluation of drugs)
Chemical evaluation
Chemical tests that include identification tests for various phytoconstituents
Qualitative chemical tests
Chemical tests used for determining the amount of chemical in a sample
Quantitative chemical test
Test used for determining the presence of starch
Iodine test
Test used for determining caffeine and other purine derivatives
Murexide test
Are vegetable and animal drugs that consist of natural substances that have undergone only the processes of collection and drying
Crude drug
Refers to the chief constituent obtained after extraction
Derivatives/Extractives
Refers to the solvent used for extraction
Menstruum
Refers to the undissolved portion of the drug that remains after the extraction process is completed
Marc
Refers to plants growing in their native countries
Indigenous
__________ is indigenous to the Southern US
Pinus palaustris
__________ is indigenous in the mountainous regions of Europe
Aconitum napellus
Refers to plants grown in a foreign land or in a locality other than their native homes
Naturalized
__________ is a naturalized plant which was introduced into the US from Europe
Datura stramonium
The process of separating a substance or constituent from a matrix which is usually derived from a natural source
Extraction
The main product of extraction is called __________
Extractives
The properly comminuted drug is permitted to soak in the menstruum (Types of extraction)
Maceration
Latin word which means “to soak”
Macerare
Refers to the material left after extraction in maceration
Marc
Refers to the solvent used in maceration
Menstruum
Process in which the constituents of a comminuted drug is extracted by the slow passage of a suitable column of drug (Types of extraction)
Percolation
Latin word which means “through”
Per
Latin word which means “to strain”
Colare
A special type of column used in percolation
Percolator
Refers to the collected material after percolation
Percolate
Refers to extraction with the aid of gentle heat (Types of extraction)
Digestion
In digestion, the mixture is placed in a water bath or in an oven at a temperature of about __________°C
50°C
Extraction that involves boiling of the material in water for 15 minutes (Types of extraction)
Decoction
Uses a Soxhlet extractor; a dried, grinded, and finely powdered plant material is placed inside a porous bag made up of a clean cloth or strong filter paper (Types of extraction)
Soxhlet extraction
Soxhlet extraction is also known as __________
Continuous hot extraction
