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PH 111.1 - Pharmacognosy & Plant Chemistry (Lab) > PRELIM 03 - Drugs Containing Compounds Related to Sugars > Flashcards

PRELIM 03 - Drugs Containing Compounds Related to Sugars Flashcards

1
Q

Is the liquid expressed from the fresh, ripe fruit of Prunus cerasus; used for preparation of cherry syrup

A

Cherry juice

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2
Q

Synonym of cherry juice

A

Succus cerasi

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3
Q

Cherry juice is the liquid expressed from the fresh, ripe fruit of __________

A

Prunus cerasus (Fam: Rosaceae)

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4
Q

Cherry juice contains pectin and __________% malic acid

A

1%

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5
Q

First isolated in crystal form from lemon juice by Scheele in 1784; used for buffering system and acidulant in effervescent preparation (Examples of plant acids)

A

Citric acid

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6
Q

Test used to differentiate citric acid from tartaric acid

A

Denige’s test

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7
Q

Decolorization and formation of white ppt (Result for Denige’s test)

A

Citric acid

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8
Q

Decolorization without formation of ppt (Results for Denige’s test)

A

Tartaric acid

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9
Q

A colorless or yellowish nearly odorless, syrupy liquid; used as an acidulant in infant feeding formulas (Examples of plant acids)

A

Lactic acid

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10
Q

An injection that is an electrolyte replenisher used for the treatment of metabolic acidosis; a sodium salt of lactic acid

A

Sodium lactate injection

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11
Q

A mixture of lactic acid and lactic acid lactate is equivalent to a total of NLT __________% and NMT __________% by weight of lactic acid

A

85%-90%

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12
Q

A dicarboxylic acid that is a byproduct of the wine industry; used as a substitute for citric acid in buffer systems (Examples of plant acids)

A

Tartaric acid

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13
Q

A liquid containing NLT 92.3% by weight, corresponding to 94.9% by volume, of ethanol at 15.56°C

A

Alcohol

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14
Q

A __________% w/v solution of alcohol serves as a disinfectant and antiseptic

A

70%

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15
Q

A mixture of alcohol and water in which the percentage of ethanol by volume at 15.56°C is 48.4-49.5%; is used as a solvent

A

Diluted alcohol

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16
Q

A low concentration of alcohol serves as a __________

A

CNS stimulant

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17
Q

A high concentration of alcohol serves as a ___________

A

CNS depressant

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18
Q

Alcohol undergoes the process of distillation to yield a concentration of __________ to __________% alcohol

A

40-55%

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19
Q

From distilled wine (Examples of alcohol)

A

Brandy

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20
Q

From fermented malted grain (Examples of alcohol)

A

Whiskey

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21
Q

From fermented molasses (Examples of alcohol)

A

Rum

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22
Q

__________ serves as a CNS stimulant and tonic (Examples of alcohol)

A

Wine

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23
Q

__________ and __________ serves as a CNS depressant (Examples of alcohol) (WB)

A

Whiskey, Brandy

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24
Q

A hexahydric alcohol obtained by reduction of mannose or isolation from manna; used as a diagnostic agent and osmotic diuretic (Products of reductive metabolism)

A

Mannitol/D-mannitol

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25
Q

Is a dried exudate from Fraxinus urnus (Fam: Oleaceae); used to isolate mannitol

A

Manna

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26
Q

Manna refers to the dried exudate from __________

A

Fraxinus urnus (Fam: Oleaceae)

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27
Q

Dose for mannitol when used as a diagnostic agent

A

200 mg/kg IV

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28
Q

Dose for mannitol when used as an osmotic diuretic

A

50-100 g daily via IV infusion

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29
Q

Is a hexitol obtained from the ripe berries of Sorbus aucuparia (Fam: Rosaceae); used as an ingredient in toothpastes, chewing gums, and is used in combination mannitol as urologic irrigation (Products of reductive metabolism)

A

Sorbitol/D-glucitol/D-sorbitol

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30
Q

Sorbitol is obtained from the ripe berries of __________

A

Sorbus aucuparia (Fam: Rosaceae)

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31
Q

When taken in large amounts, sorbitol acts as an ___________

A

Osmotic laxative

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32
Q

Are polymers of monosaccharides linked together through glycosidic linkages

A

Polysaccharides

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33
Q

2 classifications of polysaccharides (HH)

A

Homoglycan, Heteroglycan

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34
Q

Yield one type of monosaccharide upon hydrolysis (Classifications of polysaccharides)

A

Homoglycan

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35
Q

Yield more than one type of monosaccharide upon hydrolysis (Classifications of polysaccharides)

A

Heteroglycan

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36
Q

Starch (Classifications of polysaccharides)

A

Homoglycan

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37
Q

Inulin (Classifications of polysaccharides)

A

Homoglycan

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38
Q

Cellulose (Classifications of polysaccharides)

A

Homoglycan

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39
Q

Dextran (Classifications of polysaccharides)

A

Homoglycan

40
Q

Gums and mucilages (Classifications of polysaccharides)

A

Heteroglycan

41
Q

Produced in large quantities in green leaves; obtained from maize, rice, wheat, and potato

42
Q

4 source of starch (MRWP)

A

Maize, Rice, Wheat, Potato

43
Q

Maize (Scientific name) (Sources of starch)

44
Q

Rice (Scientific name) (Sources of starch)

A

Oryza sativa

45
Q

Wheat (Scientific name) (Sources of starch)

A

Triticum aestivum

46
Q

Potato (Scientific name) (Sources of starch)

A

Solanum tuberosum

47
Q

Upon hydrolysis, starch will yield __________

A

Glucose (Glucosan)

48
Q

2 components of starch (AA)

A

Amylose, Amylopectin

49
Q

Linear molecule composed of 250-300 D-glucopyranose units (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

50
Q

Branched chain polymer of D-glucopyranose units (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

A

Amylopectin

51
Q

More soluble in water (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

52
Q

Insoluble (forming paste) (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

A

Amylopectin

53
Q

Reacts with iodine to form a deep blue complex (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

54
Q

Reacts with iodine to form a blue-violet or purple color (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

A

Amylopectin

55
Q

Most starches contain up to 20% but sometimes absent (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

56
Q

Main constituent of starch (over 80%) (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

A

Amylopectin

57
Q

α-1,4 glucosidic bonds (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

58
Q

α-1,4 and α-1,6 (every 25 glucose) (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

A

Amylopectin

59
Q

Present in pancreatic juice and saliva; hydrolyzes starch by a random splitting of α-1,4-glucosidic linkages (Enzymes that break down starch)

A

α-Amylase

60
Q

Amylose → α-Amylase → __________, __________, __________ (GMA)

A

Glucose, Maltose, Amylopectin

61
Q

Lacks the capacity to hydrolyze α-1,6; the reaction stops, leaving dextrins that are the products of incomplete hydrolysis (Enzymes that break down starch)

A

β-Amylase

62
Q

Amylose → β-Amylase → purely __________

63
Q

Granules of _________ starch are polygonal, rounded, or spheroidal and are about 35 µm in diameter (Sources of starch)

64
Q

__________ starch contains large lenticular granules 20-50 µm in diameter and small spheric about 5-10 µm in diameter (Sources of starch)

65
Q

__________ starch consists of irregularly ovoid or spheric granules 30-100 µm in diameter and subspheric granules 10-30 µm in diameter (Sources of starch)

66
Q

__________ is used as an ingredient in dusting powders and as a tablet filler, binder, and disintegrant (Examples of polysaccharides)

67
Q

Suspension used as an antidote for iodine poisoning

A

Starch suspension

68
Q

Starch used as a lubricant for surgeons’ gloves

A

Sterilization maize starch

69
Q

Starch that has been chemically or mechanically processed to rupture all or part of the granules in the presence of water; used as a tablet excipient (Types of starch)

A

Pre-gelatinized starch

70
Q

Is the sodium salt of a carboxylmethyl ether of starch; used as a disintegrating agent (Types of starch)

A

Sodium starch glycolate

71
Q

Is semisynthetic, contains 90% amylopectin, and 7/8 hydroxylethyl substituents are present for each 10 glucose unit (Types of starch)

A

Hetastarch

72
Q

Used as a plasma expander; is an adjunct therapy in treatment of shock caused by hemorrhage, burns, surgery, sepsis, or other trauma (Types of starch)

A

6% Hetastarch

73
Q

Obtain from the subterranean organs of members of the family Compositae; used in culture media and in the evaluation of renal function

A

Inulin/Hydrous inulin

74
Q

Inulin/Hydrous inulin is obtained from the subterranean organs of members of the family __________

A

Compositae

75
Q

Upon hydrolysis, inulin/hydrous inulin will yield __________

A

Fructose (Fructosan)

76
Q

Formed from sucrose by the action from dextran sucrase produced by microbial species of Leuconostoc mesenteroides; used as a plasma expander

77
Q

Dextran is formed from sucrose by the action of dextran sucrase produced by the microbial species of __________

A

Leuconostoc mesenteroides

78
Q

Injection that is a sterile colloidal solution of ferric hydroxide; used as a hematinic

A

Iron dextran injection

79
Q

The main component of cell walls in plants

80
Q

Wood is __________ to __________% cellulose

81
Q

Cotton is __________% cellulose

82
Q

Is the hair of the seed of Gossypium hirsutum; used as a surgical dressing, mechanical protection, and to keep bacteria from infecting wounds

A

Purified cotton/Absorbent cotton

83
Q

__________ came from the Arabic word “gos” meaning soft and silky

84
Q

__________ came from a Latin word which means rough or hairy

85
Q

Used for “artificial tears” and contact lens solutions (Cellulose derivatives)

A

Methylcellulose

86
Q

Cologel (Cellulose derivatives)

A

Methylcellulose

87
Q

Hydrolose (Cellulose derivatives)

A

Methylcellulose

88
Q

An ethyl ether of cellulose; used as a tablet binder and film coating (Cellulose derivatives)

A

Ethylcellulose

89
Q

A hydroxyl ethyl ether of cellulose; used as a thickening agent and ingredient in artificial tears (Cellulose derivatives)

A

Hydroxyethylcellulose

90
Q

A hydroxypropyl ether of cellulose (Cellulose derivatives)

A

Hydroxypropylcellulose

91
Q

Neo-tears (Cellulose derivatives)

A

Hydroxypropylcellulose

92
Q

Used as a suspending and thickening agent, for ophthalmic solutions, and as topical protectant (Cellulose derivatives)

A

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

93
Q

Tears Naturale (Cellulose derivatives)

A

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

94
Q

Ultra Tears (Cellulose derivatives)

A

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

95
Q

Isopto (Cellulose derivatives)

A

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

96
Q

Is a product obtained by the action of a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids on cotton; used in the preparation of collodion and flexible collodions, and as a topical protectant (Cellulose derivatives)

A

Pyroxylin or soluble guncotton

97
Q

Used as an acid-resistant enteric coating for tablets and capsules (Cellulose derivatives)

A

Cellulose acetate phthalate

PH 111.1 - Pharmacognosy & Plant Chemistry (Lab) (6 decks)

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