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PH 111.1 - Pharmacognosy & Plant Chemistry (Lab) > MIDTERM 01 - Tannins > Flashcards

MIDTERM 01 - Tannins Flashcards

1
Q

Are complex substances that are difficult to separate because they do not crystallize

A

Tannins

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2
Q

Substances that form colloidal solutions with water possessing an acid reaction and a sharp “puckering” taste

A

Tannins

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3
Q

Tannins are medically used as an __________

A

Astringent

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4
Q

Tannins are used in the manufacture of __________

A

Leather

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5
Q

Tannins are applied to skin and hides to form __________

A

Leather

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6
Q

__________ tannins form a “bloom”

A

Hydrolyzable

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7
Q

___________ tannins form “tanner’s red”

A

Non-hydrolyzable

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8
Q

Tannins cause precipitation solutions of __________ as well as of __________ (GA)

A

Gelatin, Alkaloids

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9
Q

Tannins form ___________ or __________ soluble compounds with ferric salts (DG)

A

Dark blue, Greenish black

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10
Q

Tannins produce a __________ color with potassium ferric cyanide and ammonia

A

Deep red

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11
Q

Prolonged use of tannin-rich plants may be hazardous because it is __________

A

Carcinogenic

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12
Q

Plant rich in condensed tannins; is linked to high rates of oral and esophageal cancer

A

Areca catechu

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13
Q

Tannins are used as an antidote for __________ by forming an insoluble tannate

A

Alkaloid poisoning

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14
Q

3 components of the universal antidote (ATM)

A

Activated charcoal, Tannic acid, Magnesium oxide

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15
Q

2 classes of tannins (HN)

A

Hydrolyzable, Non-hydrolyzable

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16
Q

Other name of hydrolyzable tannins

A

Pyrogallol

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17
Q

Consists of gallic acid or related polyhydric compounds esterified with glucose (Classes of tannins)

A

Hydrolyzable tannins

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18
Q

2 types of hydrolyzable tannins (GE)

A

Gallitannins, Ellagitannins

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19
Q

Simplest type of HT; has a central core glucose with gallic acid (Types of hydrolyzable tannins)

A

Gallitannins

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20
Q

Composed of hexahydroxy-diphenic acids (Types of hydrolyzable tannins)

A

Ellagitannins

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21
Q

Contains only one phenolic nuclei linked to carbohydrates or proteins (Classes of tannins)

A

Non-hydrolyzable tannins (Condensed tannins)

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22
Q

Non-hydrolyzable tannins mostly results from the condensation of 2 or more flavan-3-ols (ex. ___________) or from flavan-3,4-diols (ex. __________) (CL)

A

Catechin, Leucocyanidin

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23
Q

Non-hydrolyzable tannins tend to polymerize resulting to insoluble red colored product called __________

A

Phlobaphenes

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24
Q

Hydrolyzed by acids or enzymes (Classes of tannins)

A

Hydrolyzable tannins

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25
Q

Reaction of hydrolyzable tannins with ferric chloride solution leads to a __________ ppt

A

Bluish-black

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26
Q

Not hydrolyzed to simpler molecules; has no sugar moiety (Classes of tannins)

A

Non-hydrolyzable tannins

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27
Q

Reaction of non-hydrolyzable tannins with ferric chloride solution leads to a __________ ppt

A

Greenish-brown

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28
Q

A red insoluble compound formed upon treatment with acids/enzymes to condensed tannins

A

Phlobaphenes

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29
Q

Tannins are __________ in water, dilute alkalis, alcohol, glycerol, and acetone

A

Soluble

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30
Q

Tannins are __________ in organic solvents

A

Sparingly soluble

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31
Q

Test for the presence of tannins; brown/black color (Tests for tannins)

A

Goldbeater’s skin test

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32
Q

Goldbeater’s skin test (Test for)

A

Tannins

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33
Q

Goldbeater’s skin test (Positive result)

A

Brown/black color

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34
Q

Test for gallic acid and other pseudotannins; precipitation of gelatin (Tests for tannins)

A

Gelatin test

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35
Q

Gelatin test (Test for)

A

Gallic acid and other pseudotannins

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36
Q

Gelatin test (Positive result)

A

Precipitation of gelatin

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37
Q

Test wherein all tannins are precipitated; the precipitate being bulky and often colored (Tests for tannins)

A

Phenazone test

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38
Q

Involves heating of catechins with acids to form phloroglucinol (Tests for tannins)

A

Test for catechin

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39
Q

Test for catechin (Test for)

A

Catechin

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40
Q

Test for catechin (Positive result)

A

Wood pink/red

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41
Q

In test for catechin, the __________ produced turns wood pink or red

A

Phloroglucinol

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42
Q

An extract containing chlorogenic acid when treated with aqueous ammonia and exposed to air gradually develops green color (Tests for tannins)

A

Test for chlorogenic acid

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43
Q

Test for chlorogenic acid (Test for)

A

Chlorogenic acid

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44
Q

Test for chlorogenic acid (Positive result)

A

Green color

45
Q

Which of the following is/are true about tannins?

a. Tannins have the ability to precipitate proteins
b. Good antidote for alkaloidal poisoning
c. All of the above

A

c. All of the above

46
Q

Tanner’s red is a type of leather produced from what type of tannin?

A

Non-hydrolyzable tannin

47
Q

Hydrolyzable tannins yield gallic acid when hydrolyzed; Hydrolyzable tannins turn bluish-black with ferric chloride test solution

a. Only the first statement is correct
b. Only the second statement is correct
c. Both are incorrect
d. Both statements are correct

A

d. Both statements are correct

48
Q

The dried leaf of Hamamelis virginiana; has astringent and hemostatic properties (Tannin-containing plant materials)

A

Hamamelis leaf (Witch hazel leaf)

49
Q

Hamamelis leaf (Witch hazel leaf) is the dried leaf of __________

A

Hamamelis virginiana

50
Q

Greek word which means “at the same time” (Etymology of hamamelis leaf)

51
Q

Greek word which means “fruit” (Etymology of hamamelis leaf)

52
Q

Greek word which means “plant found in Virginia” (Etymology of hamamelis leaf)

A

Virginiana

53
Q

3 constituents of hamamelis leaf (Witch hazel leaf) (HGV)

A

Hamamelitannin, Gallic acid, Volatile oil

54
Q

Extract prepared by steam distillation of Hamamelis virginiana; is incorporated in hemorrhoidal products, preparations for insect bites and stings, and teething preparations

A

Hamamelis water/Distilled witch hazel extract

55
Q

Excrescence obtained from the young twigs of Quercus infectoria and allied species Quercus (Tannin-containing plant materials)

56
Q

Nutgall is the excrescence obtained from the young twigs of __________ and allied species Quercus

A

Quercus infectoria

57
Q

Nutgall is caused by the puncture of a hymenopterous insect, __________

A

Cynips tinctaria

58
Q

3 constituents of nutgall (TEG)

A

Tannic acid, Ellagic acid, Gallic acid

59
Q

Principal constituent of nutgall; is medically used as an astringent; also used in tanning and dyeing

A

Tannic acid

60
Q

In tannic acid, the aqueous layer contains __________ and the ethereal layer contains the free __________ present in the gall (GG)

A

Gallotannin, Gallic acid

61
Q

Constituent used by ostomates to help control odors

A

Bismuth subgallate

62
Q

Produced by aphis, Schlectendalia chinensis, on the petiole of the leaves of Rhus chinensis (Anacardiaceae) (Allied products of nutgall)

A

Chinese and Japanese galls

63
Q

Chinese and Japanese galls are produced by aphis, __________, on the petiole of the leaves of Rhus chinensis (Anacardiaceae)

A

Schlectendalia chinensis

64
Q

Chinese and Japanese galls are produced by aphis, Schlectendalia chinensis on the petiole of the leaves of __________

A

Rhus chinensis (Family: Anacardiaceae)

65
Q

Produced by Cynis lignicola on Quercus robis (Allied products of nutgall)

A

Hungarian galls

66
Q

Hungarian galls are produced by __________ on Quercus robus

A

Cynic lignicola

67
Q

Hungarian galls are produced by Cynis lignicola on __________

A

Quercus robus

68
Q

Is the dried false fruits of Crataegus monogyna or C. laevigata (Rosaceae); used as mild cardiac tonic (Tannin-containing plant materials)

69
Q

3 common names of hawthorn (HMM)

A

Haw, Maybush, Mayflower

70
Q

Hawthorn is the dried, false fruit of __________ or __________ (CC)

A

Crataegus monogyna, Crataegus laevigata (Family: Rosaceae)

71
Q

2 constituents of hawthorn found in its fruit (PH)

A

Procyanidin, Hyperoside

72
Q

2 constituents of hawthorn found in its leaves (LP)

A

Less hyperoside, Principally vitexin rhamnoside

73
Q

Hawthorn does not have toxic effects of __________

74
Q

The flowering and aerial parts of Alchemilla xanthochlora (Rosaceae); used as an astringent against bleeding and diarrhea and for gynecological conditions (Tannin-containing plant materials)

A

Alchemilla

75
Q

Common name of alchemilla

A

Lady’s mantle

76
Q

Alchemilla is the flowering and aerial part of __________

A

Alchemilla xanthochlora (Family: Rosaceae)

77
Q

Constituent of alchemilla

A

Ellagitannins (Pedunculangin, Alchemillin)

78
Q

Is the dried root of Krameria triandra (Krameriaceae); used as an astringent and antimicrobial for mouth and throat infections (Tannin-containing plant materials)

79
Q

3 common names of rhatany (PRM)

A

Peruvian rhatany, Red rhatany, Mapato

80
Q

Is a small family related to Leguminoseae/Fabaceae; includes rhatany

A

Krameriaceae

81
Q

2 constituents of rhatany found in krameria root (PP)

A

Proanthocyanidin, Phlobaphene (Krameria red)

82
Q

Constituents useful in sun-protection preparations; found in rhatany

A

Ratanhiaphenols I and II

83
Q

Is the dried pericarp of Punica granatum (Punicaceae); used as herbal remedy for nonspecific diarrhea and astringent (Tannin-containing plant materials)

A

Pomegranate

84
Q

Synonym of pomegranate

85
Q

Pomegranate is the dried pericarp of the fruit of __________

A

Punica granatum (Family: Punicaceae)

86
Q

The __________ of a pomegranate contains alkaloids

87
Q

Is the dried, aqueous extract from Uncaria gambir (Rubiaceae); used to make cutch or black catechu extract (Tannin-containing plant materials)

88
Q

3 synonyms of gambir (CPG)

A

Catechu, Pale catechu, Gambir

89
Q

Gambir is the dried, aqueous extract from the leaves and young twigs of __________

A

Uncaria gambir (Family: Rubiaceae)

90
Q

5 constituents of gambir (CCCQG)

A

Catechin, Catechutannic acid, Catechu red, Quercetin, Gambir-fluorescin

91
Q

2 chemical tests for gambir constituents

A

Test for gambir-fluorescin, Test for catechin

92
Q

Its positive result is strong green fluorescence on the petroleum spirit layer (Chemical tests for gambir constituents)

A

Test for gambir-fluorescin

93
Q

An extract prepared from the heartwood of Acacia catechu; it gives no reaction to gambir-fluorescin (Allied drugs of gambir)

A

Cutch/Black catechu

94
Q

4 constituents of cutch/black catechu (CPGQ)

A

Catechins (Acacatechin), Phlobatannins, Gummy matter, Quercetin

95
Q

Name applied to dried juices rich in phlobatannins and used as an astringent (Tannin-containing plant materials)

96
Q

Kino is the name applied to dried juices rich in __________ and used as an astringent

A

Phlobatannins

97
Q

3 sources of kino (MBE)

A

Malabar kino, Bengal kino, Eucalyptus kino

98
Q

From Pterocarpus marsupium (Sources of kino)

A

Malabar kino

99
Q

From Butea frondosa (Sources of kino)

A

Bengal kino

100
Q

From Eucalyptus rostrata (Family: Myrtaceae) (Sources of kino)

A

Eucalyptus kino

101
Q

2 constituents of kino (KK)

A

Kino tannin, Kinoin

102
Q

Is the bark of Croton lechleri; used to assist in wound healing and for its antitumor activity (Tannin-containing plant materials)

A

Croton lechleri

103
Q

3 synonyms of Croton lechleri (SDS)

A

Sangre de grado, Dragon’s blood, Sangre de grace

104
Q

Croton lechleri is the bark of __________

A

Croton lechleri

105
Q

2 constituents of Croton lechleri (PT)

A

Proanthocyanidin, Tapsine (alkaloid)

106
Q

A wound healing constituent of Croton lechleri

A

Tapsine (alkaloid)

107
Q

3 local sources of tannins (DBK)

A

Duhat bark, Bunga seed, Kamachile bark

108
Q

2 other names of non-hydrolyzable tannins (CP)

A

Catechin, Proanthocyanin

PH 111.1 - Pharmacognosy & Plant Chemistry (Lab) (11 decks)

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