PRELIM 04 - Studying Microorganisms in the Living State Flashcards
Swedish physician, botanist, and zoologist who created a new system of classification for all living things
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus’ first attempt at classifying plants and animals was published in 1735 as __________
Systema Naturae
In the 18th century, Carl Linnaeus divided nature into 3 kingdoms, __________, __________, and _________
Regnum Animale (Animal kingdom), Regnum Vegetabile (Plant kingdom), Regnum Lapideum (Mineral kingdom)
He proposed a third kingdom of life, Protista, and included all unicellular organisms in it
Ernst Haeckel
He proposed the 5th kingdom, fungi
Robert Whittaker
Refers to organisms that makes its own food
Autotrophic
Refers to organisms that feed on other living things
Heterotrophic
Are organisms having only one cell
Unicellular
Are organisms having two or more cells
Multicellular
Are organisms that needs oxygen
Aerobic
Are organisms that does not use oxygen
Anaerobic
The most evolved kingdom; are multi-celled, heterotrophic eukaryotes with aerobic respiration, sexual reproduction, and the ability to move
Kingdom Animalia
2 large groups of kingdom Animalia
Vertebrates, Invertebrates
One of the oldest kingdoms; characterized by its immobile, multicellular, and eukaryotic nature
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom that includes multicellular aerobic heterotrophic eukaryotes; have chitin in their cell walls
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom that is the most primitive of all the eukaryotes; includes those eukaryotic organisms that are not deemed to be animals, plants, or fungi
Kingdom Protista
Means that it contains the common ancestor but not all its descendants
Paraphyletic
Kingdom that includes microscopic living things and groups together the prokaryotes; present in all habitats and is made up of single-cell things with no defined nucleus
Kingdom Monera
2 ways to prepare samples
Wet mount technique, Hanging drop technique
The random movement exhibited by particles suspended in liquids due to the bombardment of water molecules
Brownian motion
An independent movement brought about by different mechanisms of self-propulsion
True motility
Technique where the specimen is placed directly on the slide
Dry mount technique
Technique where the sample is smeared across the slide and allowed to dry
Smear slide technique
Technique that involves taking the smallest possible piece of the material you want to examine, placing it on a slide with some fluid, then placing the coverslip on top
Squash slides technique
Technique used to enhance the contrast in a microscopic image
Staining technique
Paramecium, Vorticella, Euglena, Rotifer, Stentor, and Amoeba are all organisms in __________
Pond water
Colpidium spp and Tetrahymena spp are all organisms in __________
Hay infusion
Appendage found in paramecium used for motility
Cilia
Appendage found in amoeba used for motility
Pseudopod
Appendage found in euglena used for motility
Flagellum
Are assemblages of bacterial cells attached to a surface and enclosed in an adhesive matrix that is the product of excretion by cells and cell death
Biofilms
4 stages of biofilm formation
Attachment, Growth, Maturation, Detachment
Turbatrix aceti (Vinegar eels) and Acetobacter aceti are all organisms found in __________
Vinegar
The source of energy used by yeast
Sugar
Yeast breaks down sugar to __________ and __________
Ethanol, Carbon dioxide
Process that refers to the breakdown of sugar to ethanol and carbon dioxide; involved in the production of bread, beer, and wine
Fermentation
Rhizopius sporangia, Mucor, Aspergillus, and Penicillin are all organisms found in __________
Mouldy bread
Paramecium is found in __________
Pond water, Hay infusion
Euglena is found in __________
Pond water
Rotifer is found in __________
Pond water, Hay infusion
Stentor is found in __________
Pond water
Amoeba is found in __________
Pond water
Vorticella is found in __________
Pond water
Colpidium is found in __________
Hay infusion
Tetrahymena is found in __________
Hay infusion
Turbatrix aceti (Vinegar eels) are present in __________
Vinegar
Acetobacter aceti is found in __________
Vinegar
Rhizopus sporangia is found in __________
Mouldy bread
Mucor is found in __________
Mouldy bread
Aspergillus is found in __________
Mouldy bread
Penicillin is found in __________
Mouldy bread
Proponent of the three domain classification system
Carl Woese
Proposed the four kingdom system, which includes Plantae, Animalia, Protista, and Monera
Copeland
Proposed the two empires and four kingdoms system
Edouard Chatton
Proponent of the two kingdom system, bacteria and eukarya
Thomas Cavalier-Smith
