PRELIM 04 - Studying Microorganisms in the Living State Flashcards

1
Q

Swedish physician, botanist, and zoologist who created a new system of classification for all living things

A

Carl Linnaeus

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2
Q

Carl Linnaeus’ first attempt at classifying plants and animals was published in 1735 as __________

A

Systema Naturae

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3
Q

In the 18th century, Carl Linnaeus divided nature into 3 kingdoms, __________, __________, and _________

A

Regnum Animale (Animal kingdom), Regnum Vegetabile (Plant kingdom), Regnum Lapideum (Mineral kingdom)

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4
Q

He proposed a third kingdom of life, Protista, and included all unicellular organisms in it

A

Ernst Haeckel

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5
Q

He proposed the 5th kingdom, fungi

A

Robert Whittaker

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6
Q

Refers to organisms that makes its own food

A

Autotrophic

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7
Q

Refers to organisms that feed on other living things

A

Heterotrophic

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8
Q

Are organisms having only one cell

A

Unicellular

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9
Q

Are organisms having two or more cells

A

Multicellular

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10
Q

Are organisms that needs oxygen

A

Aerobic

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11
Q

Are organisms that does not use oxygen

A

Anaerobic

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12
Q

The most evolved kingdom; are multi-celled, heterotrophic eukaryotes with aerobic respiration, sexual reproduction, and the ability to move

A

Kingdom Animalia

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13
Q

2 large groups of kingdom Animalia

A

Vertebrates, Invertebrates

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14
Q

One of the oldest kingdoms; characterized by its immobile, multicellular, and eukaryotic nature

A

Kingdom Plantae

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15
Q

Kingdom that includes multicellular aerobic heterotrophic eukaryotes; have chitin in their cell walls

A

Kingdom Fungi

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16
Q

Kingdom that is the most primitive of all the eukaryotes; includes those eukaryotic organisms that are not deemed to be animals, plants, or fungi

A

Kingdom Protista

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17
Q

Means that it contains the common ancestor but not all its descendants

A

Paraphyletic

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18
Q

Kingdom that includes microscopic living things and groups together the prokaryotes; present in all habitats and is made up of single-cell things with no defined nucleus

A

Kingdom Monera

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19
Q

2 ways to prepare samples

A

Wet mount technique, Hanging drop technique

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20
Q

The random movement exhibited by particles suspended in liquids due to the bombardment of water molecules

A

Brownian motion

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21
Q

An independent movement brought about by different mechanisms of self-propulsion

A

True motility

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22
Q

Technique where the specimen is placed directly on the slide

A

Dry mount technique

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23
Q

Technique where the sample is smeared across the slide and allowed to dry

A

Smear slide technique

24
Q

Technique that involves taking the smallest possible piece of the material you want to examine, placing it on a slide with some fluid, then placing the coverslip on top

A

Squash slides technique

25
Technique used to enhance the contrast in a microscopic image
Staining technique
26
Paramecium, Vorticella, Euglena, Rotifer, Stentor, and Amoeba are all organisms in __________
Pond water
27
Colpidium spp and Tetrahymena spp are all organisms in __________
Hay infusion
28
Appendage found in paramecium used for motility
Cilia
29
Appendage found in amoeba used for motility
Pseudopod
30
Appendage found in euglena used for motility
Flagellum
31
Are assemblages of bacterial cells attached to a surface and enclosed in an adhesive matrix that is the product of excretion by cells and cell death
Biofilms
32
4 stages of biofilm formation
Attachment, Growth, Maturation, Detachment
33
Turbatrix aceti (Vinegar eels) and Acetobacter aceti are all organisms found in __________
Vinegar
34
The source of energy used by yeast
Sugar
35
Yeast breaks down sugar to __________ and __________
Ethanol, Carbon dioxide
36
Process that refers to the breakdown of sugar to ethanol and carbon dioxide; involved in the production of bread, beer, and wine
Fermentation
37
Rhizopius sporangia, Mucor, Aspergillus, and Penicillin are all organisms found in __________
Mouldy bread
38
Paramecium is found in __________
Pond water, Hay infusion
39
Euglena is found in __________
Pond water
40
Rotifer is found in __________
Pond water, Hay infusion
41
Stentor is found in __________
Pond water
42
Amoeba is found in __________
Pond water
43
Vorticella is found in __________
Pond water
44
Colpidium is found in __________
Hay infusion
45
Tetrahymena is found in __________
Hay infusion
46
Turbatrix aceti (Vinegar eels) are present in __________
Vinegar
47
Acetobacter aceti is found in __________
Vinegar
48
Rhizopus sporangia is found in __________
Mouldy bread
49
Mucor is found in __________
Mouldy bread
50
Aspergillus is found in __________
Mouldy bread
51
Penicillin is found in __________
Mouldy bread
52
Proponent of the three domain classification system
Carl Woese
53
Proposed the four kingdom system, which includes Plantae, Animalia, Protista, and Monera
Copeland
54
Proposed the two empires and four kingdoms system
Edouard Chatton
55
Proponent of the two kingdom system, bacteria and eukarya
Thomas Cavalier-Smith