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[2ND YEAR] CCP 5.1 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lab) > PRELIM 01 - Microscopy > Flashcards

PRELIM 01 - Microscopy Flashcards

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1
Q

Equivalent of meter to inches

A

39.4 inches

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2
Q

The sizes of bacteria and protozoa are usually expressed in terms of __________

A

micrometers (µm)

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3
Q

A typical spherical bacterium (coccus) is approximately __________ in diameter

A

1 µm

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4
Q

A typical rod-shaped bacterium (bacillus) is approximately __________ wide × __________ long.

A

1 µm; 3 µm

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5
Q

Is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye

A

Microscope

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6
Q

The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument

A

Microscopy

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7
Q

Means invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope

A

Microscopic

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8
Q

Microscope that uses single lens

A

Simple light microscope

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9
Q

Microscope that uses set lenses or a lens system

A

Compound light microscope

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10
Q

Parts used for adjustments and support

A

Mechanical parts

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11
Q

Parts used to enlarge the specimen

A

Magnifying parts

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12
Q

Parts used to provide the light

A

Illuminating parts

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13
Q

Ability of the lens to distinguish two objects that are close together

A

Resolution

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14
Q

A function of objective lenses and its ability to gather light

A

Numerical aperture

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15
Q

2 components of numerical aperture

A

n, sinθ

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16
Q

Refractive index of the medium the lens is working in (Components of numerical aperture)

A

n

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17
Q

Measurement of the cone light that enters the objective (Components of numerical aperture)

A

sinθ

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18
Q

Resolving power - Compound microscope

A

200 nanometers

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19
Q

Resolving power - Scanning electron microscope

A

10 nanometers

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20
Q

Resolving power - Transmission electron microscope

A

0.2 nanometers

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21
Q

Degree of enlargement; no of times the length, breadth, or diameter of an object is multiplied

A

Magnification

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22
Q

Useful magnification

A

500x-1000x

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23
Q

Empty magnification

A

1400x and beyond

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24
Q

Occurs when the image continues to be enlarged, but no additional details are resolved

A

Empty magnification

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25
Q

Formula for magnification

A

Objective lens x Eyepiece lens

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26
Q

Refers to objectives that can be changed with minimal or no refocusing

A

Parfocal

27
Q

Distance from the front lens element of the objective to the closest surface of the coverslip when the specimen is in sharp focus

A

Working distance

28
Q

Is the extent of the observable area in distance units

A

Field of view (FOV)

29
Q

Formula for field of view

A

Field number ÷ Objective magnification

30
Q

Used to measure minute distances or the apparent diameters of objects which subtend minute angles

A

Micrometer

31
Q

Used only at very large magnifications that require high resolving power

A

Oil immersion objective (OIO)

32
Q

Magnification of up to 300 times; used to look at opaque objects or objects that are too large to be viewed with a compound microscope (Type of microscope)

A

Stereo (Dissecting) microscope

33
Q

Uses a laser light to scan samples that have been dyed (Type of microscope)

A

Confocal microscope

34
Q

Uses electrons rather than light for image formation (Type of microscope)

A

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

35
Q

Uses electrons in creating a magnified image (Type of microscope)

A

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

36
Q

Bottommost portion that supports the entire/lower microscope (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

A

Base

37
Q

Part of the base that supports the other parts (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

A

Pillar

38
Q

Allows for tilting of the microscope for convenience of the user (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

A

Inclination joint

39
Q

Curved/slanted part which is held while carrying the microscope (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

A

Arm/Neck

40
Q

Attached to the arm and bears the lenses (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

A

Body tube

41
Q

Cylindrical structure on top of the body tube that holds the ocular lenses (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

A

Draw tube

42
Q

Platform where object to be examined is placed (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

A

Stage

43
Q

Secures the specimen to the stage (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

A

Stage clips

44
Q

Allows the light to pass through the specimen for the better view (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

A

Stage opening/Aperture

45
Q

This is also known as the body; it caries the optical parts in the upper part of the microscope (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

A

Head

46
Q

When turned, it raises or lowers the eyepiece in order to adjust the focus for each eye (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

A

Diopter adjustment

47
Q

Rotating disc where the objectives are attached (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

A

Revolving/Rotating nosepiece

48
Q

Lies atop the nosepiece and keeps dust from settling on the objectives (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

A

Dust shield

49
Q

Geared to the body tube which elevated or lowers when rotated bringing the object into approximate focus (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

A

Coarse adjustment knob

50
Q

A smaller knob for delicate focusing bringing the object into perfect focus (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

A

Fine adjustment knob

51
Q

Elevates and lowers the condenser to regulate the intensity of light (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

A

Condenser adjustment knob

52
Q

Lever in front of the condenser and which is moved horizontally to open/close the diaphragm (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

A

Iris diaphragm lever

53
Q

Gathers wavefronts from the microscope light source and concentrate them into a cone of light (Illuminating parts of a microscope)

A

Condenser

54
Q

Controls the amount of light reaching the specimen (Illuminating parts of a microscope)

A

Iris diaphragm

55
Q

Located beneath the stage and has concave and plane surfaces to gather and direct light in order to illuminate the object (Illuminating parts of a microscope)

A

Mirror

56
Q

A built-in illuminator beneath the stage that may be used if sunlight is not preferred or is not available (Illuminating parts of a microscope)

A

Electric lamp

57
Q

Another set of lens found on top of the body tube which functions to further magnify the image produced by the objective lenses (Magnifying parts of a microscope)

A

Ocular/Eyepiece

58
Q

Metal cylinders attached below the nosepiece and contains especially ground and polished lenses (Magnifying parts of a microscope)

A

Objectives

59
Q

4 types of objectives

A

Scanner, LPO, HPO, OIO

60
Q

Gives the lowest magnification, usually 10x

A

Low power objective (LPO)

61
Q

Gives higher magnification, usually 40x or 43x (Magnifying parts of a microscope)

A

High power objective (HPO)

62
Q

Gives the highest magnification, usually 97x or 100x, and is used wet either with cedar wood oil or synthetic oil (Magnifying parts of a microscope)

A

Oil immersion objective (OIO)

63
Q

Provides observers with about enough magnification for a good overview of the slide; has a 4x magnification (Magnifying parts of a microscope)

A

Scanner

64
Q

3 limitations of light microscope

A

Resolution, Wavelength, Numerical aperture

[2ND YEAR] CCP 5.1 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lab) (8 decks)

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