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[2ND YEAR] CCP 5.1 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lab) > FINAL 01 - Gram Staining > Flashcards

FINAL 01 - Gram Staining Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Bacteria are slightly negatively charged at pH __________

A

pH 7.0

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2
Q

__________ dye stains bacteria

A

Basic dye

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3
Q

__________ dye stains background

A

Acidic dye

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4
Q

Refers to an aqueous or alcohol solution of single basic dye

A

Simple stin

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5
Q

Is a substance that adheres to a cell, giving the cell color

A

Stain

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6
Q

Is an auxiliary technique used in microscopy to enhance contrast in the microscopic image

A

Staining

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7
Q

Single dye is used to color or highlight the entire organism (Types of staining techniques)

A

Simple staining

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8
Q

Distinguish bacteria according to their reaction to particular stains (Types of staining techniques)

A

Differential staining

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9
Q

Used to color specific parts or structures of a microorganism (Types of staining techniques)

A

Special/structural staining

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10
Q

Process that aims to preserve the shape of the cells or tissue involves as much as possible

A

Fixation

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11
Q

Is used to determine gram status to classify bacteria broadly

A

Gram staining

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12
Q

Gram staining is named after __________

A

Gram staining

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13
Q

Stain that acts as the primary stain

A

Crystal violet

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14
Q

Stain that acts as a mordant (helps to fix the primary dye to the cell wall)

A

Gram’s iodine

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15
Q

Is used to remove the primary stain; is usually composed of an organic solvent

A

Decolorizer

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16
Q

A counterstain that is applied to stain those cells that have lost the primary stain as a result of decolorization

A

Safranin

17
Q

2 types of stains (GA)

A

Gram stain, Acid-fast stain

18
Q

Refers to bacteria that are stained dark blue or violet by gram staining

A

Gram-positive bacteria

19
Q

__________, also called murein, are heteropolymers of glycan strands, which are cross-linked through short peptides

A

Peptidoglycans

20
Q

Refers to bacteria that appear red or pink because they are counterstained

A

Gram-negative bacteria

21
Q

Are acid-fast, gram-resistant, non-motile, pleomorphic rods related to Actinomyces; most are found in water and soil

A

Mycobacterium

22
Q

Mycobacterium species that is pathogenic for humans

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

23
Q

Mycobacterium species that is pathogenic for animals

A

Mycobacterium bovis

24
Q

Acid bast fells contain a large amount of lipids and waxes in their cell walls, primarily __________

A

Mycolic acid

25
Q

Acid fast bacteria are usually members of the genus __________ or __________ (MN)

A

Mycobacterium, Nocardia

26
Q

Used to stain species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that do not stain within the laboratory staining procedures like gram staining

A

Ziehl-Neelsen staining

27
Q

In Ziehl-Neelsen staining, the stains used are the red colored __________ that stains the bacteria and a counter stain like Methylene blue or Malachite green

A

Carbol fuchsin

28
Q

In Ziehl-Neelsen staining, the stains used are the red colored Carbol fuchin that stains the bacteria and a counter stain like __________ or _________ (MM)

A

Methylene blue, Malachite green

29
Q

A lipid soluble, phenolic compound which is able to penetrate the cell wall; used in Ziehl-Neelsen staining

A

Carbol fuchsin

30
Q

__________ are less acid fast than Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium leprae

31
Q

When staining Mycobacterium leprae, the concentration of H2SO4 is reduced to __________ for decolorizing

A

5%

32
Q

Used to reveal flagella (Types of special staining)

A

Flagellar staining

33
Q

2 microorganisms that utilize flagellar staining (VS)

A

Vibrio cholerae, Spirillum

34
Q

Used to reveal endospores (Types of special staining)

A

Endospore staining

35
Q

2 microorganisms that utilize endospore staining (BC)

A

Bacillus, Clostridium

36
Q

Used to reveal negatively charged bacterial capsules (Types of special staining)

A

Capsule staining

37
Q

2 stains used in negative staining technique (IN)

A

India ink, Nigrosin

38
Q

In __________, organisms are not stained, only the background is stained

A

Negative staining

39
Q

Negative staining is used to demonstrate the capsule of __________ and __________ (CS)

A

Cryptococcus neoformans, Streptococcus pneumoniae

[2ND YEAR] CCP 5.1 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lab) (8 decks)

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