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[1ST YEAR] CCP 3 - Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry (Lec) > PRELIM 03 - Nomenclature, Structure, and Stereochemistry > Flashcards

PRELIM 03 - Nomenclature, Structure, and Stereochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Compounds with the same molecular formula

A

Isomers

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2
Q

Different connectivity of atoms

A

Constitutional

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3
Q

Different functional groups

A

Functional

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4
Q

Different positions of functional group

A

Positional

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5
Q

Different carbon skeleton

A

Skeletal

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6
Q

Same connectivity but different spatial orientation of atoms

A

Stereoisomers

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7
Q

Different, non-interconverting spatial arrangement of atoms

A

Configurational

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8
Q

Result from restricted rotation around a double bond or on cyclic alkanes

A

Geometric

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9
Q

Around a chiral carbon

A

Optical

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10
Q

Non-superimposable mirror images

A

Enantiomers

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11
Q

Non-mirror images

A

Diastereomers

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12
Q

Different, interconverting spatial arrangement of atoms, the result of rotation about single bonds; same compound

A

Conformational

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13
Q

Usually uses the name given when it was discovered

A

Common name

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14
Q

Names compound as a derivative of a parent compound

A

Derived name

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15
Q

Most systematic; based on the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms

A

IUAPC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) Name

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16
Q

Where and what are the substituents?

A

Prefix

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17
Q

How many carbons?

A

Parent

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18
Q

Where is the primary functional group?

A

Locant

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19
Q

What is the primary functional group?

A

Suffix

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20
Q

Number of carbon atoms: 11

A

Undec-

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21
Q

Number of carbon atoms: 12

A

Dodec-

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22
Q

Number of carbon atoms: 13

A

Tridec-

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23
Q

Number of carbon atoms: 14

A

Tetradec-

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24
Q

Number of carbon atoms: 15

A

Pentadec-

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25
Q

Number of carbon atoms: 16

A

Hexadec-

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26
Q

Number of carbon atoms: 17

A

Heptadec-

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27
Q

Number of carbon atoms: 18

A

Octadec-

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28
Q

Number of carbon atoms: 19

A

Nonadec-

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29
Q

Number of carbon atoms: 20-

A

Eicos-

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30
Q

Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only

A

Hydrocarbons

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31
Q

Open chain (acyclic); can either be a straight chain or branched

A

Aliphatic

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32
Q

Has a closed ring but no aromaticity

A

Alicyclic

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33
Q

Has a benzene ring

A

Aromatic

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34
Q

Contains C-C bonds

A

Saturated

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35
Q

Contains at least one C=C or C≡C bond

A

Unsaturated

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36
Q

Other name for alkanes

A

Paraffins

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37
Q

Paraffin is derived from __________, meaning “slight affinity”

A

L. parum affinis

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38
Q

Found in the waxy coating on cabbage leaves

A

Nonacosane

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39
Q

Found in wood oil of the Jeffrey pine common to the Sierra Nevada mountains of California

A

Heptane

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40
Q

Consists chiefly of methane but also contains ethane, propane, and butane

A

Natural gas

41
Q

A complex mixture of hydrocarbons that must first be separated into various fractions and then further refined before it can be used

A

Petroleum

42
Q

Prefix of carboxylic acid

A

Carboxy

43
Q

Prefix of ester

A

Alkoxycarbonyl

44
Q

Prefix of amide

A

Amido

45
Q

Prefix of nitrile

A

Cyano

46
Q

Prefix of aldehyde (=O)

A

Oxo

47
Q

Prefix of aldehyde (CH=O)

A

Formyl

48
Q

Prefix of ketone (=O)

A

Oxo

49
Q

Prefix of alcohol

A

Hydroxy

50
Q

Prefix of amine

A

Amino

51
Q

Prefix of alkene

A

Alkenyl

52
Q

Prefix of alkyne

A

Alkynyl

53
Q

Prefix of alkane

A

Alkyl

54
Q

Prefix of ether

A

Alkoxy

55
Q

Prefix of alkyl halide

A

Halo

56
Q

Prefix used for unbranched chains

A

n (normal)

57
Q

Prefix used for a methyl group attached to the 2nd C

A

Iso

58
Q

Prefix used for 4 methyl groups attached to one C

A

Neo

59
Q

Other name for alkenes

A

Olefins

60
Q

A plant hormones that induces ripening in fruit

A

Ethylene

61
Q

The major component of turpentine

A

α-pinene

62
Q

a polyalkene that contains 11 double bonds; the orange pigment responsible for the color of carrots

A

β-carotene

63
Q

Alkene separated by at least 2 single bonds

A

Isolated

64
Q

Adjacent alkenes

A

Cumulative

65
Q

Alkenes that are alternating with single bonds

A

Conjugated

66
Q

System used for disubstituted alkenes

A

Cis-Trans system

67
Q

System used for tri- and tetrasubstituted alkenes

A

E/Z system

68
Q

From the German word ‘entgegen’, meaning opposite; specifies that groups of higher priority on the carbons of a double bond are on opposite sides

A

E

69
Q

German word which means opposite

A

Entgegen

70
Q

From the German word ‘zusammen’, meaning together; specifies that groups of higher priority on the carbons of a double bond are on the same sides

A

Z

71
Q

German word which means together

A

Zusammen

72
Q

Were used to describe fragrant substances; now used to describe cyclic organic compounds with high degree of unsaturation

A

Aromatic compounds

73
Q

From coal distillate

A

Benzene

74
Q

From cherries, peaches, and almonds

A

Benzaldehyde

75
Q

From tolu balsam

A

Toluene

76
Q

An aromatic hydrocarbon that has 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 or so forth pi electrons satisfies __________

A

Huckle’s criteria for aromaticity

77
Q

A fuel additive, an industrial solvent, and a beverage

A

Ethanol

78
Q

A general disinfectant, commonly called carbolic acid

A

Phenol

79
Q

The familiar ‘ether’ of medical use; frequently used as a reaction solvent

A

Diethyl ether

80
Q

A characteristic stench made from a thiol

A

Skunk scent

81
Q

Is a key part of numerous biological processes

A

Thiol-disulfide interconversion

82
Q

Responsible for fish-like aroma

A

Trimethylamine

83
Q

An aldehyde that is a coenzyme involved in a large number of metabolic reactions

A

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

84
Q

A steroid hormone w/ ketone group; secreted by the adrenal glands

A

Cortisol/Hydrocortisone

85
Q

Produced for use in building insulation materials and in the adhesive resins that bind particle board and plywood

A

Formaldehyde

86
Q

Widely used as an industrial solvent

A

Acetone

87
Q

The principal organic component of vinegar

A

Acetic acid

88
Q

Responsible for the rancid odor of sour butter

A

Butanoic acid

89
Q

Responsible for the aroma of goats and dirty socks

A

Hexanoic acid/Caproic acid

90
Q

Found in pineapple oil

A

Methyl butanoate

91
Q

Found in banana oil

A

Isopentyl acetate

92
Q

A commonly used solvent; plastic balloon odor

A

Ethyl acetate

93
Q

Used as plasticizers to keep polymers from becoming brittle

A

Dialkyl phthalates

94
Q

Cyclic ethers with a three-membered ring

A

Epoxides

95
Q

Sulfur analog of esters

A

Thioesters/Sulfides

96
Q

Derivatives of ammonia in which one or more hydrogens are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups

A

Amines

97
Q

Cyclic esters

A

Lactone

98
Q

Has two acyl groups bonded to an oxygen atom

A

Acid anhydrides

99
Q

Has no carbonyl group but is treated as carboxylic acid derivatives

A

Nitriles

[1ST YEAR] CCP 3 - Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry (Lec) (15 decks)

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