FINAL 02 - Reactions and Synthesis of Alkenes

Question 1

States that addition of HX across a carbon-carbon multiple bond proceeds in such a way that the proton adds to the less substituted carbon atom

Answer 1

Markovnikov’s rule

Question 2

Electrophilic addition of Hg2_ to alkene on reaction with mercury (II) acetate in aqueous THF solvent

Answer 2

Oxymercuration

Question 3

Treatment of intermediate organomercury compound with sodium borohydride

Answer 3

Demercuration

Question 4

Addition of a B-H bond of borane, BH3, to an alkene to yield an organoborane intermediate, RBH2

Answer 4

Hydroboration

Question 5

Involves the addition of Br2 that acts as a simple and rapid laboratory test for unsaturation

Answer 5

Bromine test

Question 6

The addition of HOX forms __________

Answer 6

Halohydrins (halo-alcohols)

Question 7

Increases electron density on carbon

Answer 7

Reduction

Question 8

Decreases electron density on carbon

Answer 8

Oxidation

Question 9

Normally used as PtO2 (Adam’s catalyst)

Answer 9

Platinum

Question 10

Normally used as very fine powder “supported” on an inert material such as charcoal (Pd/C)

Answer 10

Palladium

Question 11

Does not occur in a homogenous solution but instead takes place on the surface of solid catalyst particles

Answer 11

Heterogenous process

Question 12

Both H atoms add on the same more accessible face (less steric hindrance)

Answer 12

syn sterochemistry

Question 13

Yields saturated fatty acids

Answer 13

Complete hydrogenation

Question 14

Yields trans fatty acids

Answer 14

Incomplete hydrogenation

Question 15

A large molecule built up by repetitive units of smaller molecules called monomers

Answer 15

Polymer

Question 16

A synthetic alkene polymer

Answer 16

Polyethylene

Question 17

3 radical polymerization mechanisms

Answer 17

Initiation, Propagation, Termination

Question 18

Few redicals are generated on heating benzoyl peroxide catalyst to break the weak O-O bond

Answer 18

Initiation

Question 19

The formed carbon radical adds to another ethylene molecule to yield another radical

Answer 19

Propagation

Question 20

The chain process is ended by a reaction that consumes the radical

Answer 20

Termination

Question 21

Are substituted ethylenes that undergo polymerization

Answer 21

Vinyl monomers

Question 22

Loss of HX from an alkyl halide

Answer 22

Dehydrohalogenation

Question 23

Carried out by treatment of an alcohol with a strong acid

Answer 23

Dehydration