MIDTERM 02 - Structural Effects on Acidity and Basicity

Question 1

Substance that increases the concentration of H+ ions

Answer 1

Arrhenius acid

Question 2

Substance that increases the concentration of OH- ions

Answer 2

Arrhenius base

Question 3

Is a substance that donates a proton to another substance

Answer 3

Bronsted-Lowry acid

Question 4

Is a substance that accepts a proton

Answer 4

Bronsted-Lowry base

Question 5

Formed by removing a proton from the acid

Answer 5

Conjugate base

Question 6

Formed by adding a proton to the base

Answer 6

Conjugate acid

Question 7

A substance capable of acting as either an acid or a base

Answer 7

Amphiprotic

Question 8

Is a measure of the tendency of a compound to lose a proton

Answer 8

Acidity

Question 9

Is a measure of a compound’s affinity for a proton

Answer 9

Basicity

Question 10

Ka; the higher the Ka, the stronger the acid

Answer 10

Acid-dissociation constant

Question 11

Kb; the higher the Kb, the stronger the base

Answer 11

Base-dissociation constant

Question 12

Is a substance that accepts an electron pair

Answer 12

Lewis acid

Question 13

Is a substance that donates an electron pair

Answer 13

Lewis base

Question 14

Other name for Lewis acids

Answer 14

Electrophiles

Question 15

Other name for Lewis bases

Answer 15

Nucleophiles

Question 16

Are organic compounds that contain a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative oxygen

Answer 16

Organic acids

Question 17

Shift in electron density through charge polarization transmitted through sigma bonds

Answer 17

Inductive effect

Question 18

Stabilizes conjugate base

Answer 18

Electron-withdrawing groups

Question 19

Destabilizes conjugate base

Answer 19

Electron-donating groups

Question 20

Results from the presence of bulky groups and results to congestion and twisting of bonds

Answer 20

Steric effect