Prejudice - Textbook Flashcards
What is thought to breed prejudice? Why?
Unequal status. Stereotypes rationalize it.
What is benevolent sexism?
When males given female subordinates lots of praise but fewer resources, thus undermining their performance. Patronizing the other sex.
We see other groups as either ______ or ______.
Either competent or likeable.
What is behind complementary stereotypes?
The motive to see the system as just, fair, and benevolent.
What is social dominance orientation?
A motivation to have your own group be dominant over other groups.
How do people with social dominance orientation tend to view people? What does it lead to?
Viewing people in terms of hierarchies; may lead people to embrace and justify prejudice.
What do children’s implicit racial attitudes reflect?
Their parents explicit prejudice.
Why are authoritarian parented children supposedly more prejudiced?
Harsh discipline causes them to repress their hostilities and impulses and to “project” them onto out-groups.
What mode of thinking causes authoritarians to be more prejudiced?
Definitive black and white/right and wrong thinking. It makes ambiguity hard to tolerate.
When do authoritarian tendencies surge?
During times of economic recession and social upheaval.
What combination of traits makes people the most prejudiced or even leaders of hate groups?
Authoritarian and social dominance oriented.
What is social dominance orientation related to?
A person’s group status.
What are authoritarian tendencies related to?
Concerns with security and control.
What is the relationship between religion and prejudice?
They are correlated, but causation is not guaranteed. Religion is often used to justify prejudice.
What is the relationship between conformity and prejudice?
If prejudice is socially accepted, people will often conform and go along with it to be liked (as opposed to out of hate).
What is the relationship between institutional supports and prejudice?
Social institutions can reinforce dominant cultural attitudes; when this includes prejudice they are often unintended and unnoticed.
What is an example of an oft unnoticed institutional support?
The Face-ism phenomenon: 2/3 of the average male photo is devoted to the face, but less than 1/2 of the average female photo. Prominent faces portray intelligence and ambition.
What is the scapegoat theory of motivation behind prejudice?
Pain and frustration evoke hostility, and if the cause is intimidating or vague, that anger is displaced onto others.
What is Gause’s law?
Maximum competition will exist between species with identical needs.
What is in-group bias?
The tendency to favour your own group.
What can in-group bias reflect?
Liking for the in-group, dislike for the out-group, or both.
What is infrahumanization?
Failing to ascribe human emotions to out-groups.
What is the just-world phenomenon?
The tendency people have to believe that the world is just, and that, therefore, people get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
What are 5 instances when it is especially easy and efficient to rely on stereotypes?
Pressed for time, preoccupied, tired, emotionally aroused, too young to appreciate diversity.
What is the relationship between categorization and prejudice?
Categorization does not always cause prejudice, but it is necessary for prejudice.
What happens to a person when they are made conspicuous in a group?
They are often seen as causing what happens.
