Pregnancy Complications - Nutritional Implications Flashcards
1
Q
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)
A
- Occurs in ~7% of women
- Higher incidence in women over 35 and WOC
2
Q
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Diagnosis and Testing
A
- Diagnosed on elevated blood glucose levels but one abnormal value alone does not indicate diabetes
- Clinical characteristics include obesity, glycosuria, previous GDM, and abnormal glucose tolerance test
- 1 hour glucose test done at 24-29 weeks. If test is abnormal 3 hour test done, and if that is abnormal then Hgb A1C done - measure of blood glucose levels over 3 month period
- Optimal testing - 3 days prior to testing focus on high complex carbohydrates, high protein, and no refined sugars
3
Q
Gestational Hypertension - Occurence
A
- Previously known as Pregnancy Induced Hypertension, PIH, or toxemia
- Thought to occur in placenta as immune response to mother’s body to baby
- Occurs in 5-8% of women
- Rapid swelling of face, feet, and hands along with significant weight gain
4
Q
Gestational Hypertension - Signs of increasing severity
A
- Elevated blood pressure >140/90 or significant increase above normal pressures for that woman
- Protein in urine
- Rapid onset of swelling, usually hands, face, and feet
- Sudden weight gain
- Changes in liver and kidney function
- Epigastric pain, blurred vision, and severe headache as conditions worsens
5
Q
Gestational Hypertension - Management
A
- Decrease stress and possible bed rest and/or hospitalization
- Increased fluid and high protein diet (80-100 gms daily)
- Nutritional supplements including vitamins c (1000 mg) and e (500 iu), antioxidants, calcium, magnesium (do not take magnesium oxide as it is very poorly absorbed, mg citrate, sulfate, or glyciante are all absorbed well)
- If conditions worsens, hospitalization and IV magnesium sulfate
- Urgent or emergency birth based on the health of mother and baby
- If had problems previously, start asap during pregnancy
