pregnancy + childbirth formative Flashcards

1
Q

how is the volume of distribution of a drug affected in pregnancy

A

increased by changes in plasma volume + fat stores

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2
Q

boundaries of pelvic outlet

A

pubic arch - anteriorly
ischial tuberosities - laterally
coccyx - posteriorly

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3
Q

risk factors for developing pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy

A

increased BMI before pregnancy
history of low back + pelvic pain or pelvic trauma
hard physical job / poor work ergonomics
PGP in previous preg

(*NOT time since last preg)

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4
Q

how long / how much folic acid should be taken in women with epilepsy trying for baby

A

5mg of folic acid taken from before, and until 3 months after conception will reduce the risk of spina bifida

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5
Q

contractility of heart in pregnancy

A

increases

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6
Q

key respiratory change that occurs during pregnancy

A

decreased functional residual capacity

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7
Q

when can sex of baby be determind

A

Most doctors schedule an ultrasound at around 18 to 21 weeks, but the sex may be determined by ultrasound as early as 14 weeks

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8
Q

In Downs syndrome risk screening nuchal thickness is measured by ultrasound between which gestation period

A

11-14wks

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9
Q

is maternal anaemia a risk factor for IUGR?

A

NO !!!!

  • smoking
  • IVF
  • IUGR in previous preg
  • maternal BMI <18
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10
Q

one of the main arteries of anterior abdominal wall

A

inferior epigastric

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11
Q

is the anterior or posterior rectus sheath incised in a suprapubic incision?

A

anterior rectus sheath

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12
Q

which of hypertension, diabetes, hypothyroid, hyperthyroid, controlled asthma CAN NOT cause IUGR

A

hypothyroid

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13
Q

Pain from the body of the uterus is carried in which of the following nerve fibres?

A

visceral afferent fibres to T11-L2 spinal cord levels

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14
Q

Which of the following structures can be used as a landmark to administer a pudendal nerve block?

A

ischial tuberosity

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15
Q

What is the length of time considered normal for return of tissues to normal state following childbirth?

A

6wks

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16
Q

Normal Blood loss in labour is considered to be

A

500mls

17
Q

describes bleeding in cases of placenta Previa

A

painless, usually recurrent bleeds in 3rd trimester

18
Q

fetal anomalies in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

A

dysplastic kidneys
ventricular septal defect
micrognathia + smooth philtrum
microcephaly

(*not ANencephaly)

19
Q

classic signs to indicate placental separation

A

Uterus contracts, hardens and rises

Increasing length of umbilical cord is visible at the introitus

Gush of blood appears

Mother has feeling of fullness in vagina

20
Q

A woman is examined following delivery of a 3.9kg baby. The trainee finds she has a tear involving both the external and internal analsphincers. What grade of tear is this?

A

grade 3C

1st Degree- involves vaginal mucosa

2nd Degree- involves vaginal muscles

Third Degree- anal sphincter- 3a <50% of external anal sphincter, 3b > 50% of external anal sphincter, 3c internal anal sphinter

4th Degree- rectal mucosa torn