pregnancy + childbirth formative Flashcards
how is the volume of distribution of a drug affected in pregnancy
increased by changes in plasma volume + fat stores
boundaries of pelvic outlet
pubic arch - anteriorly
ischial tuberosities - laterally
coccyx - posteriorly
risk factors for developing pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy
increased BMI before pregnancy
history of low back + pelvic pain or pelvic trauma
hard physical job / poor work ergonomics
PGP in previous preg
(*NOT time since last preg)
how long / how much folic acid should be taken in women with epilepsy trying for baby
5mg of folic acid taken from before, and until 3 months after conception will reduce the risk of spina bifida
contractility of heart in pregnancy
increases
key respiratory change that occurs during pregnancy
decreased functional residual capacity
when can sex of baby be determind
Most doctors schedule an ultrasound at around 18 to 21 weeks, but the sex may be determined by ultrasound as early as 14 weeks
In Downs syndrome risk screening nuchal thickness is measured by ultrasound between which gestation period
11-14wks
is maternal anaemia a risk factor for IUGR?
NO !!!!
- smoking
- IVF
- IUGR in previous preg
- maternal BMI <18
one of the main arteries of anterior abdominal wall
inferior epigastric
is the anterior or posterior rectus sheath incised in a suprapubic incision?
anterior rectus sheath
which of hypertension, diabetes, hypothyroid, hyperthyroid, controlled asthma CAN NOT cause IUGR
hypothyroid
Pain from the body of the uterus is carried in which of the following nerve fibres?
visceral afferent fibres to T11-L2 spinal cord levels
Which of the following structures can be used as a landmark to administer a pudendal nerve block?
ischial tuberosity
What is the length of time considered normal for return of tissues to normal state following childbirth?
6wks
Normal Blood loss in labour is considered to be
500mls
describes bleeding in cases of placenta Previa
painless, usually recurrent bleeds in 3rd trimester
fetal anomalies in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
dysplastic kidneys
ventricular septal defect
micrognathia + smooth philtrum
microcephaly
(*not ANencephaly)
classic signs to indicate placental separation
Uterus contracts, hardens and rises
Increasing length of umbilical cord is visible at the introitus
Gush of blood appears
Mother has feeling of fullness in vagina
A woman is examined following delivery of a 3.9kg baby. The trainee finds she has a tear involving both the external and internal analsphincers. What grade of tear is this?
grade 3C
1st Degree- involves vaginal mucosa
2nd Degree- involves vaginal muscles
Third Degree- anal sphincter- 3a <50% of external anal sphincter, 3b > 50% of external anal sphincter, 3c internal anal sphinter
4th Degree- rectal mucosa torn
