anatomy Flashcards
round ligament
attache to lateral aspect of uterus
passes through deep inguinal ring to attach to superficial tissue of the female perineum
proximal part in broad ligament
embryological remenant
most inferior point in an upright female
recto-uterine (pouch of Douglas)
broad ligament
double layer of peritoneum
helps maintain uterus in correct midline positions
connects - uterus, fallopian tubes + ovaries to pelvic wall
what does the broad ligament contain
ovaries
fallopian tubes
round ligament (proximal part)
3 laers of the uterus body
perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium
implantation anywhere else = ectopic pregnancy
3 levels of support for uterus
- strong ligaments - uterosacral ligaments
- endopelvic fascia
- muscles of pelvic floor - levator ani
–> weakness of these -> uterine prolapse (uterus moves inferiorly)
commonest position of uterus
anteverted + anteflexed
other = retroverted + retroflexed(tip pointed towards back)
where does fertilisation occur
ampulla
salpingo-oophrectomy
bilateral = removal of uterine tubes and ovaries
unilateral = removal of one uterine tube
where does the fimbriated end of the uterine tubes actually open into
peritoneal cavity
communication between genital tract + peritoneal cavity
-> in theory, infetion could pass between the 2 areas
what area must be sampled in a cervical screening?
squamo columnar junction (transformation zone)
what type of muscle is levator ani
skeletal muscle - voluntary
forms majority of pelvic diaphragm
what supplies levator ani
S2, 3, 4 sacral plexus
what is the perineal body?
bundle of collagenous + elastic tissue into which the perineal muscle attach
- important to pelvic floor strength
- can be disrupted during labour -> weak pelvic floor
border of breasts
ribs 2-6
lateral border of sternum to mid-axillary line
lies on deep fascia covering pec major + serratus anterior
where does retromammary space lie?
between fascia + breats
where does most lymph from the breast drain to?
ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes then to supraclavicular nodes (75%)
lymph from
- inner breast quadrant -> can drain to parasternal lymph nodes
- lower inner -> abdominal lymph nodes
- upper limb -> axillary lymph nodes
where can the 3 levels of axillary nodes be found respectively?
level I = inferior + lateral to pectoralis minor
level II = deep to pec minor
level III = superior + medial to pec minor
which artery do the majority of the arteries in the pelvis + perineum arise from? except what?
internal iliac
except
- gonadal artery (ovarian, testicular) - abdominal aorta
- superior rectal artery - continuation of IMA
where do the gonadal artery (ovarian, testicular) arise from?
abdominal aorta
where does the superior rectal artery arise from?
- continuation of IMA inferior mesenteric artery
artery that males have that females usually dont in pelvis?
inferior vesical artery ( they have superior tho)