cancer formative

Question 1

in the Figo staging system for Cervical Cancer which of the following represents Stage 4?

Answer 1

carcinoma has spread to distant organs

Question 2

vulval squamous carcinoma assoc with usual type VIN

Answer 2

occurs predominantly in women <60yrs
high incidence assoc with CIN
may metastasize to groin nodes
often presents with a raised rolled edge + central ulceration

Question 3

info required when submitting endometrial biopsy for examination

Answer 3

age
date of last menstrual period
pattern of bleeding
hormonal therapy

*NOT no of pregnancies

Question 4

when considering screening, how would you calculate “coverage”?

Answer 4

screened population/eligible population x 100

Question 5

subtypes of endometrial carcinoma

Answer 5

endometriod
serous
clear cell
mucinous

*not choriocarcinoma

Question 6

an ovarian mucinous cystadenoma is …

Answer 6

a benign epithelial ovarian tumour

Question 7

how can large endometriotic (chocolate) cysts present

Answer 7

pelvic mass + high CA125 level

Question 8

conditions that can alter Ca125

Answer 8

liver disease with ascites
peritonitis
endometriosis
ovarian cancer

**not uterin leiomyomas

Question 9

uterine leiomyoma

Answer 9

benign tumour of smooth muscle
often multiple
may present with menorrhagia
growth is oestrogen dependent
common neoplasm

Question 10

are teratomas always benign

Answer 10

NO

may be bilateral
can present with torsion

Question 11

what muscle covers the majority of the pelvic side wall?

Answer 11

obturator internus

Question 12

The risk of malignancy index (RMI) for calculating the likelihood of ovarian cancer is calculated according to the following

Answer 12

CA125 level x ultrasound score x menopausal score