Pregnancy & Birth Flashcards
amnion, aka
amniotic sac, aka
amniotic sac
membranous sac filled with fluid that holds the fetus
chorion
outermost layer of the embryo that, with the endometrium, forms the placenta
colostrum
pre-milk fluid produced by the breast to nourish the baby in the first few days after birth
ductus arteriosus
fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta, thus allowing blood to bypass the lungs
embryo
developmental stage of unborn baby from implantation in the uterus at 2 weeks to 8 weeks post-conception
fertilization
union of an ovum and a spermatozoan
fetus
developmental stage of unborn baby from 8 weeks post-conception until birth
foramen ovale
small hole in the septum btwn the atria of the fetal heart, which allows some of the blood to bypass the lungs
gestation
period of development of unborn baby from conception until birth
gravida
pregnant woman
hCG
Abbrev: human chorionic gonadotropin
human chorionic gonadotropin
hormone secreted by the embryo early in pregnancy, which maintains the corpus luteum so that it will continue to secrete hormones to maintain the endometrium
lactation
secretion of milk from the mammary glands
oxytocin
pituitary hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract and release of milk from the breasts
para
woman who has produced a viable infant
parturition
childbirth/labour
placenta
organ composed of fetal and maternal tissues that nourishes and maintains the developing fetus
prostaglandins
group of hormones with varied effects, including stimulation of uterine contractions
umbilical cord
structure that connects the fetus to the placenta, including blood vessels that carry blood between the mother and fetus
zygote
fertilized ovum, btwn conception and implantation
amni/o
Root: amniotic sac/amnion
embry/o
Root: embryo
fet/o
Root: fetus
toc/o
Root: labour
nat/i
Root: birth
lacto/o
Root: milk
galact/o
Root: milk
albinism
recessive gene mutation causing lack of pigmentation
cystic fibrosis
recessive gene mutation affecting respiratory system, pancreas, and sweat glands
Down’s syndrome
genetic disorder caused by extra chromosome 21 resulting in slanted eyes, short stature, mental retardation, and other symptoms
fragile X chromosome
genetic disorder caused by defect in an X chromosome passed down to sons, resulting in reduced intellectual abilities, autism, hyperactivity, enlarged head and ears
hemophilia
group of blood clotting diseases caused by recessive gene mutations
Huntington’s disease
dominant gene mutation resulting in an altered metabolism which destroys specific nerve cells causing motor and mental dysfunction
Klinefelter’s syndrome
genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome resulting in lowered intelligence and lack of sexual development
Marfan’s syndrome
dominant gene mutation resulting in disease of the connective tissue with weakness of the aorta
neurofibromatosis
dominant gene mutation causing multiple skin tumours containing nerve tissue
phenylketonuria
recessive gene mutation causing lack of an enzyme required to metabolize an amino acid resulting in mental retardation, other neurologic signs, and lack of pigmentation
sickle cell anemia
recessive gene mutation causing abnormally shaped red blood cells that block blood vessels
Tay-Sachs disease
recessive gene mutation caused by an enzyme deficiency resulting in accumulation of lipids in nerve cells and other tissues and early childhood death
Turner’s syndrome
genetic disorder caused by presence of only a single X chromosome resulting in short stature, lowered intelligence and sexual immaturity
abortion
spontaneous or induced termination of a pregnancy before 20 weeks when the fetus could not survive outside the uterus
miscarriage, aka
spontaneous abortion, aka
anencephaly
congenital absence of a brain
atresia
congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening
carrier
an individual who has an unexpressed genetic defect which can be passed down to the offspring
cleft lip
congenital separation of the upper lip
cleft palate
congenital split of the roof of the mouth
congenital disorder
developmental or hereditary disorder that is present at birth
eclampsia
convulsions and coma occurring during pregnancy or after delivery which are associated with conditions of pregnancy-induced hypertension
ectopic pregnancy
development of the zygote outside the body of the uterus
HDN
Abbrev: hemolytic disease of the newborn
hemolytic disease of the newborn
disease resulting from an Rh blood antigen incompatibility between mother and fetus wherein mother’s blood develops antibodies against fetal blood cells in a subsequent pregnancy
mastitis
inflammation of the breast
mutation
change in genetic material of the cell
placental abruption
premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall
placenta previa
placenta that is abnormally positioned in the lower portion of the uterus instead of the upper portion, risking hemorrhage in later pregnancy
pregnancy-induced hypertension, aka
preeclampsia, aka
preeclampsia
toxic condition of late pregnancy associated with hypertension, edema, and proteinuria, that may lead to eclampsia/toxemia
pregnancy-induced hypertension
toxic condition of late pregnancy associated with hypertension, edema, and proteinuria, that may lead to eclampsia/toxemia
rubella, aka
German measles, aka
rubella
virus that can cross the placenta and cause fetal abnormalities such as eye and heart defects, deafness, and mental retardation
spina bifida
congenital defect in the closure of the spinal column through which the spinal cord and its membranes may project
teratogen
any factor that causes malformations in the developing fetus
list five TERATOGENIC EFFECTS
malformations of the fetus caused by infections, alcohol, drugs, chemicals, and radiation
amniocentesis
transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac to remove amniotic fluid for prenatal testing
chorionic villus sampling
removal of chorionic cells via the cervix for prenatal testing
CVS
Abbrev: chorionic villus sampling
D&E
Abbrev: dilation & evacuation
dilation & evacuation
widening of the cervix and removal of the fetal tissue and membranes by suction
karyotype
picture of the chromosomes of a cell arranged in order of decreasing size which may reveal abnormalities in the chromosomes themselves, in their number, or their arrangement
afterbirth
the placenta and membranes delivered after the birth of the fetus
antepartum
the mother, before childbirth
Braxton-Hicks contractions
light uterine contractions that occur during the thrid trimester of pregnancy to strengthen the uterus
chloasma
brownish pigmentation that appears on the face during pregnancy
fontanel/fontanelle
soft, membrane-covered space btwn cranial bones in the fetus that later ossifies
intrapartum
the mother, during childbirth
linea nigra
a dark line that spans the abdomen from the umbilicus to the pubic region which may appear late in pregnancy
lochia
the mixture of blood, mucus, and tissue discharged from the uterus after childbirth
meconium
the first feces of the newborn
peripartum
the mother, during the end of the pregnancy or the first few months afterwards
postpartum
the mother, after childbirth
premature
an infant born before the organ systems are fully developed
preterm
an infant born before the 37th week of gestation
puerperium
the first 42 days after childbirth during which the mother’s reproductive organs shrink back to normal
striae atrophicae
pinkish or gray lines that appear where the skin has been stretched
striae gravidarum
pinkish or gray lines that appear where the skin has been stretched
striae gravidarum, aka
striae atrophicae, stretch marks
striae atrophicae, aka
striae gravidarum, stretch marks
umbilicus
the scar in the middle of the abdomen that marks the attachment point of the umbilical cord to the fetus
navel, aka
umbilicus, aka
vernix caseosa
the curd-like deposits that cover and protect the fetus
cephalopelvic disproportion
condition in which the head of the fetus is larger than the pelvic outlet
fetopelvic disproportion
condition in which the head of the fetus is larger than the pelvic outlet
cephalopelvic disproportion, aka
fetopelvic disproportion, aka
galactorrhea
excessive secretion of milk or continued milk production after breastfeeding has ceased
choriocarcinoma
rare malignant neoplasm in placental tissue
hydatidiform mole
benign overgrowth of placental tissue where is dilates and resembles grapelike cysts, but may also invade the uterine wall causing hemorrhage
hydatidiform mole, aka
hydatid mole, aka
hydramnios
excess of amniotic fluid
polyhydramnios
excess of amniotic fluid
hydramnios, aka
polyhydramnios, aka
oligohydramnios
deficiency of amniotic fluid
PDA
Abbrev: patent ductus arteriosus
patent ductus arteriosus
persistence of the ductus arteriosus within the heart after birth, or failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth
puerperal infection
infection of the genital tract after delivery
abortifacient
drug that induces abortion
AFP
Abbrev: alpha-fetoprotein
alpha-fetoprotein
fetal protein that may be present in elevated levels within the amniotic fluid and maternal serum if certain fetal disorders are present
Apgar score
system of rating an infant’s physical condition immediately after birth, and 5 minutes afterwards
AI
Abbrev: artificial insemination
artificial insemination
placement of active semen in to the vagina or cervix for the purpose of impregnation
cesarean section
incision of the abdominal wall and uterus for delivery of a fetus
culdocentesis
puncture of the vaginal wall to sample fluid from the retrouterine space for diagnosis
endometrial ablation
selective, therapeutic destruction of the endometrium to abate excessive bleeding
extracorpeal membrane oxygenation
technique for pulmonary bypass in which deoxy. blood is removed, passed through a circuit which oxygenates it, and then returned, to treat respiratory failure in infants
ECMO
Abbrev: extracorpeal membrane oxygenation
