Endocrine System Flashcards
(218 cards)
0
Q
hormone(s) secreted by the adrenal gland cortex
A
Where are steroid hormones secreted?
1
Q
-tropin, -tropic
A
hormone that acts on another gland
2
Q
hormone(s) secreted by the adrenal gland medulla
A
Where are epinephrine & norepinephrine secreted?
3
Q
epinephrine, aka
A
adrenaline, aka
4
Q
norepinephrine, aka
A
noradrenaline, aka
5
Q
endocrine glands
A
ductless glands which secrete hormones directly into the blood
6
Q
hormone
A
endocrine gland secretion that travels through the blood and regulates the function of specific tissues, organs, and other glands
7
Q
hypophysis, aka
A
pituitary gland, aka
8
Q
hypophysis
A
gland found below the hypothalamus in the brain
9
Q
gland found below the hypothalamus in the brain
A
pituitary gland
10
Q
hypothalamus
A
portion of the brain which controls the pituitary gland and is active in maintaining homeostasis
11
Q
pancreatic islets
A
clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas which produce hormones that regulate sugar metabolism (insulin & glucagon)
12
Q
islets of Langerhans
A
clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas which produce hormones that regulate sugar metabolism (insulin & glucagon)
13
Q
islet cells
A
clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas which produce hormones that regulate sugar metabolism (insulin & glucagon)
14
Q
islets of Langerhans, aka
A
islet cells, pancreatic islets
15
Q
pancreatic islets, aka
A
islet cells, islets of Langerhans
16
Q
parathyroid glands
A
4-6 small endocrine glands on the posterior thyroid that act to increase blood calcium levels
17
Q
pineal gland
A
small gland in the brain which secretes melatonin to regulate mood, daily rhythms, sexual development and response to environmental light
18
Q
anterior pituitary gland
A
secretes GH and other hormones that affect other glands in the body
19
Q
posterior pituitary gland
A
stores and secretes hormones manufactured in the hypothalamus such as antidiuretic hormone & oxytocin
20
Q
prostaglandins
A
group of hormones that have various effects including uterine contraction stimulation, blood pressure regulation, blood clotting, and inflammation
21
Q
receptor
A
site on a cell membrane which binds a specific substance or hormone
22
Q
steroid hormone
A
hormone made from lipids, including those from the gonads and adrenal cortex
23
Q
target tissue
A
specific tissue on which a particular hormone acts due to the presence of specialized receptors
24
thyroid gland
endocrine gland on either side of the larynx and upper trachea which secretes hormones that affect the metabolism, growth, and calcium balance
25
endocrin/o
Root: endocrine glands or system
26
pituitar (root word)
Root: pituitary gland, hypophysis
27
hypophys (root word)
Root: pituitary gland, hypophysis
28
thyr/o
Root: thyroid gland
29
thyroid/o
Root: thyroid gland
30
parathyroid/o
Root: parathyroid gland
31
parathyr/o
Root: parathyroid gland
32
adren/o
Root: adrenal gland, epinephrine
33
adrenal/o
Root: adrenal gland, epinephrine
34
adrenocortic/o
Root: adrenal cortex
35
insul/o
Root: pancreatic islets
36
acromegaly
overgrowth of bone and soft tissue, especially in hands, feet, and face, caused by excess growth hormone in an adult
37
Addison's disease
disease resulting from deficiency of adrenocortical hormones marked by darkening of the skin, weakness, and water loss and electrolyte imbalance
38
adenoma
neoplasm of a gland
39
congenital hypothyroidism
condition caused by congenital lack of thyroid secretion which halts physical and mental development in infants
40
Cushing's disease
excess production of adrenocorticotropic hormone by the pituitary gland causing overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal cortex, which results in fluid retention, hypertension, obesity of the torso, weakness, excess hair growth, and a moon-shaped face
41
Cushing's syndrome
overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal cortex, which results in fluid retention, hypertension, obesity of the torso, weakness, excess hair growth, and a moon-shaped face
42
diabetes mellitus
deficiency of insulin or failure of the tissues to respond to insulin, resulting in hypoglycemia
43
exophthalmos
protrusion of the eyeballs
44
diabetes insipidus
insufficient release of antidiuretic hormone, resulting in excessive thirst and production of large amounts of dilute urine
45
gigantism
overgrowth of a child caused by excess growth hormone release by the pituitary gland
46
HbA1c test
Abbrev: glycated hemoglobin test
47
glycated hemoglobin test
test that measures the binding of glucose to hemoglobin during the lifespan of a red blood cell, reflecting the average blood glucose level over 2-3 months for treatment evaluation purposes
48
glycosuria
excess sugar in the urine
49
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland
50
Grave's disease
autoimmune disease resulting in hyperthyroidism, causing weight loss, irritability, tachycardia, exophthalmos
51
hyperglycemia
excess glucose in the blood
52
hypoglycemia
abnormally low levels of glucose in the blood
53
insulin shock
condition resulting from an overdose of insulin which causes hypoglycemia
54
ketoacidosis
acidosis caused by abnormally high ketone wastes in the blood from the excess metabolism of fats when the body cannot use the glucose in the blood
55
metabolic syndrome
hyperglycemia caused by cellular resistance to insulin
56
syndrome X
hyperglycemia caused by cellular resistance to insulin
57
insulin resistance syndrome, aka
syndrome X, metabolic syndrome
58
metabolic syndrome, aka
syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome
59
syndrome X, aka
metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance syndrome
60
myxedema
dry, waxy swelling in the face caused by hypothyroidism in an adult
61
panhypopituitarism
underactivity of the entire pituitary gland
62
tetany
irritability and spasms of muscles associated with low blood calcium
63
sella turcica
saddle shaped depression in the sphenoid bone which contains the pituitary gland
64
sphenoid bone
bone at the base of the skull that houses the pituitary gland
65
adrenogenital syndrome
overproduction of androgens from the adrenal cortex, resulting in masculinization
66
Conn's syndrome
adrenogenital syndrome caused by an adrenal tumour
67
craniopharyngioma
pituitary tumour
68
Hashimoto's disease
autoimmune disease causing chronic thyroiditis
69
impaired glucose tolerance
hyperglycemia after glucose intake that may indicate borderline diabetes mellitus
70
IGT
Abbrev: impaired glucose tolerance
71
ketosis
accumulation of ketones in the blood, due to carbohydrate deficiency or inability to metabolize glucose causing an excess of fat metabolism and ketone waste formation
72
MEN
Abbrev: multiple endocrine neoplasia
73
multiple endocrine neoplasia
hereditary disorder that causes tumours in several endocrine glands
74
pheochromocytoma
benign tumour in the adrenal medulla causing increased production of epinephrine & norepinephrine
75
pituitary apoplexy
sudden massive hemorrhage and degeneration of the pituitary gland associated with a pituitary tumor
76
SAD
seasonal affective disorder
77
seasonal affective disorder
mood disorder related to seasonal levels of environmental light exposure causing lethargy, depression, excessive need for sleep, and overeating
78
Simmond's disease
hypofunction of anterior pituitary gland due to an infarction
79
pituitary cachexia
hypofunction of anterior pituitary gland due to an infarction
80
pituitary cachexia, aka
Simmond's disease, aka
81
thyroid storm
sudden onset of thyrotoxicosis in untreated or poorly treated hyperthyroidism
82
thyroid crisis
sudden onset of thyrotoxicosis in untreated or poorly treated hyperthyroidism
83
thyroid crisis, aka
thyroid storm, aka
84
thyrotoxicosis
anxiety, irritability, weight loss, sweating caused by hyperthyroidism, such as Grave's disease
85
von Recklinghausen's disease
excess production of parathyroid hormone causing excess blood calcium drawn from the degeneration of bone
86
fasting plasma glucose
test for diabetes which measures glucose in the blood after fasting for 8 hours +
87
free thyroxine index
test for diagnosing thyroid dysfunction based on T4 in the blood and T3 uptake
88
oral glucose tolerance test
test for patient's ability to metabolize glucose which measures blood glucose after oral administration of glucose to a patient who has fasted
89
OGTT
Abbrev: oral glucose tolerance test
90
radioactive iodine uptake test
test that evaluates thyroid function by measuring uptake of radioactive iodine
91
radioimmunoassay
using radioactively tagged antibodies & hormones in blood plasma to measure very small amounts of a substance, such as hormones
92
RIA
Abbrev: radioimmunoassay
93
thyroid scan
visualization of the thyroid after administration of radioactive iodine
94
thyroxine-binding globulin test
test that measures the main protein that binds T4 in the blood
95
TBG
Abbrev: thyroxine-binding globulin test
96
transsphenoidal adenomectomy
removal of pituitary tumour through the sphenoid sinus
97
ACTH
Abbrev: adrenocorticotropic hormone
98
ADH
Abbrev: antidiuretic hormone
99
BS
Abbrev: blood sugar
100
CSII
Abbrev: continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
101
DM
Abbrev: diabetes mellitus
102
FBG
Abbrev: fasting blood glucose
103
FBS
Abbrev: fasting blood sugar
104
FPG
Abbrev: fasting plasma glucose
105
FTI
Abbrev: free thyroxine index
106
GDM
Abbrev: gestational diabetes mellitus
107
GH
Abbrev: growth hormone
108
NPH
neutral protamine Hagedorn
109
SIADH
Abbrev: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
110
IFG
Abbrev: impaired fasting blood glucose
111
RAIU
Abbrev: radioactive iodine uptake
112
T1DM
Abbrev: type 1 diabetes mellitus
113
T2DM
Abbrev: type 2 diabetes mellitus
114
T3
Abbrev: triiodothyronine hormone
115
T4
Abbrev: tetraiodothyronine, thyroxine hormone,
116
T7
Abbrev: free thyroxine index
117
TSH
Abbrev: thyroid-stimulating hormone
119
Suffix: hormone that acts on another gland
-tropin, -tropic
120
Where are steroid hormones secreted?
adrenal cortex
121
Where are epinephrine & norepinephrine secreted?
adrenal medulla
122
ductless glands which secrete hormones directly into the blood
endocrine glands
123
endocrine gland secretion that travels through the blood and regulates the function of specific tissues, organs, and other glands
hormone
124
pituitary gland, aka
hypophysis, aka
125
gland found below the hypothalamus in the brain
hypophysis
126
pituitary gland
gland found below the hypothalamus in the brain
127
portion of the brain which controls the pituitary gland and is active in maintaining homeostasis
hypothalamus
128
clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas which produce hormones that regulate sugar metabolism (insulin & glucagon)
pancreatic islets, islets of Langerhans, pancreatic islets
129
4-6 small endocrine glands on the posterior thyroid that act to increase blood calcium levels
parathyroid glands
130
small gland in the brain which secretes melatonin to regulate mood, daily rhythms, sexual development and response to environmental light
pineal gland
131
secretes GH and other hormones that affect other glands in the body
anterior pituitary gland
132
stores and secretes hormones manufactured in the hypothalamus such as antidiuretic hormone & oxytocin
posterior pituitary gland
133
group of hormones that have various effects including uterine contraction stimulation, blood pressure regulation, blood clotting, and inflammation
prostaglandins
134
site on a cell membrane which binds a specific substance or hormone
receptor
135
hormone made from lipids, including those from the gonads and adrenal cortex
steroid hormone
136
specific tissue on which a particular hormone acts due to the presence of specialized receptors
target tissue
137
endocrine gland on either side of the larynx and upper trachea which secretes hormones that affect the metabolism, growth, and calcium balance
thyroid gland
138
Root: endocrine glands or system
endocrin/o
139
Root: pituitary gland, hypophysis
pituitar, hypophys
140
Root: thyroid gland
thyroid/o, thyr/o
141
Root: parathyroid gland
parathyroid/o, parathyr/o
142
Root: adrenal gland, epinephrine
adren/o, adrenal/o
143
Root: adrenal cortex
adrenocortic/o
144
Root: pancreatic islets
insul/o
145
overgrowth of bone and soft tissue, especially in hands, feet, and face, caused by excess growth hormone in an adult
acromegaly
146
disease resulting from deficiency of adrenocortical hormones marked by darkening of the skin, weakness, and water loss and electrolyte imbalance
Addison's disease
147
neoplasm of a gland
adenoma
148
condition caused by congenital lack of thyroid secretion which halts physical and mental development in infants
congenital hypothyroidism
149
excess production of adrenocorticotropic hormone by the pituitary gland causing overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal cortex, which results in fluid retention, hypertension, obesity of the torso, weakness, excess hair growth, and a moon-shaped face
Cushing's disease
150
overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal cortex, which results in fluid retention, hypertension, obesity of the torso, weakness, excess hair growth, and a moon-shaped face
Cushing's syndrome
151
deficiency of insulin or failure of the tissues to respond to insulin, resulting in hypoglycemia
diabetes mellitus
152
protrusion of the eyeballs
exophthalmos
153
insufficient release of antidiuretic hormone, resulting in excessive thirst and production of large amounts of dilute urine
diabetes insipidus
154
overgrowth of a child caused by excess growth hormone release by the pituitary gland
gigantism
155
Abbrev: glycated hemoglobin test
HbA1c test
156
test that measures the binding of glucose to hemoglobin during the lifespan of a red blood cell, reflecting the average blood glucose level over 2-3 months for treatment evaluation purposes
glycated hemoglobin test
157
excess sugar in the urine
glycosuria
158
enlargement of the thyroid gland
goiter
159
autoimmune disease resulting in hyperthyroidism, causing weight loss, irritability, tachycardia, exophthalmos
Grave's disease
160
excess glucose in the blood
hyperglycemia
161
abnormally low levels of glucose in the blood
hypoglycemia
162
condition resulting from an overdose of insulin which causes hypoglycemia
insulin shock
163
acidosis caused by abnormally high ketone wastes in the blood from the excess metabolism of fats when the body cannot use the glucose in the blood
ketoacidosis
164
hyperglycemia caused by cellular resistance to insulin
metabolic syndrome/syndrome X/insulin resistance syndrome
165
dry, waxy swelling in the face caused by hypothyroidism in an adult
myxedema
166
underactivity of the entire pituitary gland
panhypopituitarism
167
irritability and spasms of muscles associated with low blood calcium
tetany
168
saddle shaped depression in the sphenoid bone which contains the pituitary gland
sella turcica
169
bone at the base of the skull that houses the pituitary gland
sphenoid bone
170
overproduction of androgens from the adrenal cortex, resulting in masculinization
adrenogenital syndrome
171
adrenogenital syndrome caused by an adrenal tumour
Conn's syndrome
172
pituitary tumour
craniopharyngioma
173
autoimmune disease causing chronic thyroiditis
Hashimoto's disease
174
hyperglycemia after glucose intake that may indicate borderline diabetes mellitus
impaired glucose tolerance
175
Abbrev: impaired glucose tolerance
IGT
176
accumulation of ketones in the blood, due to carbohydrate deficiency or inability to metabolize glucose causing an excess of fat metabolism and ketone waste formation
ketosis
177
Abbrev: multiple endocrine neoplasia
MEN
178
hereditary disorder that causes tumours in several endocrine glands
multiple endocrine neoplasia
179
benign tumour in the adrenal medulla causing increased production of epinephrine & norepinephrine
pheochromocytoma
180
sudden massive hemorrhage and degeneration of the pituitary gland associated with a pituitary tumor
pituitary apoplexy
181
Abbrev: seasonal affective disorder
SAD
182
mood disorder related to seasonal levels of environmental light exposure causing lethargy, depression, excessive need for sleep, and overeating
seasonal affective disorder
183
hypofunction of anterior pituitary gland due to an infarction
pituitary cachexia, Simmond's disease
184
sudden onset of thyrotoxicosis in untreated or poorly treated hyperthyroidism
thyroid storm/thyroid crisis
185
anxiety, irritability, weight loss, sweating caused by hyperthyroidism, such as Grave's disease
thyrotoxicosis
186
excess production of parathyroid hormone causing excess blood calcium drawn from the degeneration of bone
von Recklinghausen's disease
187
test for diabetes which measures glucose in the blood after fasting for 8 hours +
fasting plasma glucose
188
test for diagnosing thyroid dysfunction based on T4 in the blood and T3 uptake
free thyroxine index
189
test for patient's ability to metabolize glucose which measures blood glucose after oral administration of glucose to a patient who has fasted
oral glucose tolerance test
190
Abbrev: oral glucose tolerance test
OGTT
191
test that evaluates thyroid function by measuring uptake of radioactive iodine
radioactive iodine uptake test
192
using radioactively tagged antibodies & hormones in blood plasma to measure very small amounts of a substance, such as hormones
radioimmunoassay
193
Abbrev: radioimmunoassay
RIA
194
visualization of the thyroid after administration of radioactive iodine
thyroid scan
195
test that measures the main protein that binds T4 in the blood
thyroxine-binding globulin test
196
Abbrev: thyroxine-binding globulin test
TBG
197
removal of pituitary tumour through the sphenoid sinus
transsphenoidal adenomectomy
198
Abbrev: adrenocorticotropic hormone
ACTH
199
Abbrev: antidiuretic hormone
ADH
200
Abbrev: blood sugar
BS
201
Abbrev: continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
CSII
202
Abbrev: diabetes mellitus
DM
203
Abbrev: fasting blood glucose
FBG
204
Abbrev: fasting blood sugar
FBS
205
Abbrev: fasting plasma glucose
FPG
206
Abbrev: free thyroxine index
FTI
207
Abbrev: gestational diabetes mellitus
GDM
208
Abbrev: growth hormone
GH
209
neutral protamine Hagedorn
NPH
210
Abbrev: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
SIADH
211
Abbrev: impaired fasting blood glucose
IFG
212
Abbrev: radioactive iodine uptake
RAIU
213
Abbrev: type 1 diabetes mellitus
T1DM
214
Abbrev: type 2 diabetes mellitus
T2DM
215
Abbrev: triiodothyronine hormone
T3
216
Abbrev: tetraiodothyronine, thyroxine hormone,
T4
217
Abbrev: free thyroxine index
T7
218
Abbrev: thyroid-stimulating hormone
TSH
