Female Reproductive System Flashcards
birth control shot
subcutaneous injection of progestin every three months to prevent ovulation
tubal ligation
surgical cutting and tying of the oviducts
birth control pills
progestin alone, or estrogen & progestin, taken orally to prevent ovulation
birth control patch
adhesive patch delivering transcutaneous estrogen & progestin for three weeks, removed for the fourth
birth control ring
flexible ring inserted into the vagina and releasing contraceptive hormones for three weeks, removed for the fourth
cervix
neck of the uterus
clitoris
small erectile body anterior to the urethral opening
contraception
prevention of pregnancy
corpus luteum
small yellow structure that develops from a Graafian follicle after ovulation, secretes estrogen & progesterone
cul-de-sac
blind pouch
endometrium
inner lining of the uterus
estrogen
group of female hormones that produce female characteristics and prepare the uterus for a fertilized egg
most active estrogen hormone
estradiol
fallopian tube/oviduct/uterine tube
tube extending from the upper lateral corners of the uterus that carries the ovum into the uterus
fimbriae
finger-like extension of the oviduct/fallopian tube/uterine tube that wave to capture a released ovum
fornix
arch-like space btwn the uppermost wall of the vagina and the cervix
graafian follicle/ovarian follicle
cluster of cells in which the ovum ripens within the ovary
labia majora
two large folds of skin that form the sides of the vulva
ovarian follicle, aka
graafian follicle, aka
labia minora
two small folds within the labia majora in the vulva
mammary gland
specialized gland in the breast which produces milk
menarche
first mentrual period which occurs during puberty
menses
period of the menstrual cycle concerning discharge of blood and mucosal tissues from the thickened lining of a non-pregnant uterus
menses, aka
menstrual period, menstruation
menopause
cessation of the menstrual cycle
myometrium
muscular inner wall of the uterus
ovulation
release of a mature ovum from the ovary
perineum
region between the thighs, extending between the external genitalia to the anus
progesterone
female hormone produced by the corpus luteum and the placenta that maintains the endometrium for pregnancy
function of the uterus
organ that receives a fertilized ovum and maintains the developing offspring during pregnancy
vagina
muscular tube between the cervix and the vulva
vulva
external female genital organs, including the labia and clitoris
episiotomy
surgical incision made between the vagina and the anus to facilitate childbirth
gyn/o
Root: woman
gynec/o
Root: woman
men/o
Root: month, menstruation
mens
Root: month, menstruation
oo
Root: ovum, egg cell
ov/o
Root: ovum, egg cell
ovul/o
Root: ovum, egg cell
ovari/o
Root: ovary
oophor/o
Root: ovary
salping/o
Root: oviduct/fallopian tube/uterine tube
metr/o/i
Root: uterus
hyster/o
Root: uterus
cervic/o
Root: cervix, neck
colp/o
Root: vagina
vulv/o
Root: vulva
episi/o
Root: vulva
perine/o
Root: perineum
clitorid/o
Root: clitoris
mamm/o
Root: breast, mammary gland
mast/o
Root: breast, mammary gland
candidiasis
infection with the fungus Candida albicans which is a common cause of vaginitis
dysmenorrhea
painful or difficult menstruation
endometriosis
ectopic growth (outside the usual area of the uterus) of endometrial tissue
leiomyoma
benign tumor of smooth muscle in the uterine wall which causes bleeding and pressure on the bladder or rectum
leiomyoma, aka
fibroid, aka
PID
Abbrev: pelvic inflammatory disease
pelvis inflammatory disease
condition caused by the spread of infection from the reproductive tract into the pelvic cavity, usually associated with an STI
salpingitis
inflammation of the oviduct
colposcope
instrument for examining the vagina and cervix
cone biopsy
removal of a cone of tissue from the lining of the cervix for cytologic examination
D&C
Abbrev: dilation and curettage
dilation & curettage
procedure in which the cervix is dilated and the lining of the uterus is scraped with a curette
hysterectomy
surgical removal of the uterus
mammography
radiographic study of the breast for detection of cancer
mastectomy
surgical removal of breast tissue
oophorectomy
surgical removal of an ovary
Pap smear
study of cells collected from the cervix and vagina for detection of cancer
Pap
Abbrev: Papanicolaou
salpingectomy
surgical removal of the oviduct
sentinel-node biopsy
biopsy of the first lymph nodes to receive lymph drainage from a tumour
use of sentinel-node biopsy
gathering of information from certain lymph nodes which is used to determine pattern of spread of cancer within a tissue when planning treatment
stereotactic biopsy
needle biopsy using a computer-guided imaging system to locate suspicious tissue
adnexa uteri
appendages of the uterus, such as the oviducts, ovaries, and uterine ligaments
adexa
Root: appendages
areola
pigmented ring around the nipple of the breast
greater vestibular gland
small mucus-secreting gland near the vaginal opening
vestibule
space btwn the labia minora, containing the openings to the urethra, vagina, and vestibular ducts
hymen
fold of mucous membrane that partially covers the entrance of the vagina
mons pubis
rounded, fleshy elevation anterior to the pubis symphysis that is covered with hair after puberty
oocyte
immature ovum
perimenopause
period during irregular menstrual cycles immediately prior to menopause, and for 1 year after menopause also
cystocele
herniation of the urinary bladder in into the wall of the vagina
dyspareunia
pain or difficulty during sexual intercourse
fibrocystic disease of the breast
condition where there are benign yet painful or tender palpable lumps in the breasts which change with the menstrual cycle
hirsutism
abnormal excessive hair growth
leukorrhea
white or yellowish discharge from the vagina
microcalcification
small deposits of calcium that appear as white spots on mammograms and may indicate breast cancer
uterine prolapse
downward displacement of the uterus, often protruding into or beyond the vagina
