Pregnancy and Lactation

Question 1

Key nutrients during pregnancy

Answer 1

Folate
Iron
Protein
B12
Zinc

Question 2

Food safety considerations during pregnancy and lactation

Answer 2

Wash all fruit and veg
Don’t eat ready made salads
Cook meat/eggs sufficiently
Reduce consumption of large fish
Avoid pet feces/Kitty litter

Question 3

Risks of alcohol and smoking during pregnancy

Answer 3

FASD
Impaired metabolism of folate, Vit C, beta carotene, b5, b12
Reduced growth of foetus
Higher risk of preterm birth and miscarriage

Question 4

Dietary intervention for preeclampsia

Answer 4

Manage elevated triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin resistance
Low SFA, TFA, GI, refined carbs
High fibre

Question 5

Dietary management gestational diabetes

Answer 5

Increase moderate exercise
Whole grains
High fibre
Low sugar
Low GI
Low fat protein

Question 6

Supplements useful in gestational diabetes

Answer 6

Chromium
Lipoid acid
Magnesium
Vitamin D

Question 7

Management of morning sickness/vomiting

Answer 7

Ginger
B6 (poultry, eggs, fish, soy)

Question 8

Management of Iron deficient anaemia in pregnancy

Answer 8

Increase with iron, vitamin C, animal protein (haem iron)
Decrease polyphenols, divalent minerals, phytates, oxalates,
40mg iron daily

Question 9

Risks of iron deficient anaemia in pregnancy

Answer 9

Intrauterine hypoxia
Growth retardation
Neuronal and cognitive defects
Low iron status in newborn

Question 10

Consequences of low iodine in pregnancy

Answer 10

Cretinism - irreversible brain damage with mental retardation and neuronal abnormalities

Question 11

Dietary recommendations for lactation

Answer 11

Increase energy by 2100kj daily
Increase carbs, proteins, fibre, EFAs
500ml extra fluids, water