Late Adulthood 65+ Flashcards
Why is Malnutrition common in older adults
Decreased appetite
Early fullness
Cachexia
Reduced intake
Chronic/acute disease
Risks of malnutrition in older adults
Sarcopenia
OP
Fractures
Falls
Frailty
Cognitive impairment
Higher risk of infection
More frequent and longer hospital stays
Risk factors for developing dementia
Hypertension
Dyslipidaemia
Diabetes
MetS
Elevated homocysteine
Chronic inflammation
Smoking
Inadequate sleep
Low physical activity
Depression
Low vit D
Amino acid key in preventing muscle breakdown
Leucine regulates muscle protein synthesis and prevents muscle breakdown
2g/day
Role BCAAs (branch chain amino acids, LEUCINE, VALINE, ISOLEUCINE) have in sarcopenia
Activate protein synthesis pathway
Foods associated with shorter telomere length
Processed meats
Alcohol
Sweetened carbonated drinks
Foods high in sugar and saturated fats
What can cause increased loss of calcium in older adults
High sodium diet
Low protein
Low calcium
Metabolic acidosis (CKD)
PPIs
GI malabsorption
Consequences of low B12 in older adults
Cognitive decline
Elevates homocysteine
Confusion
Dementia
Depression
Demyelination of peripheral nerves
Megaloblastic and pernicious anaemia
Fatigue
Factors leading to b12 deficiency in older adults
Metformin
PPIs
H2 antagonists
Anticonvulsants
Veganism
Alcoholism
Role of antioxidants in older adults
Decrease oxidative stress
Lower risk of chronic disease
Prevent LDL oxidation
Inhibit lipid peroxidation
Decrease inflammation
Immune function
Thyroid function
Key antioxidants for older adults
Vitamin C, E
Selenium
Carotenoids
Etiological factors of age related disease
AGEs
Oxidative stress
Inflammation
Telomere shortening
Malnutrition
Dehydration
Impaired methylation cycle
