Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD2S3: Physiology 203 > Pregnancy > Flashcards

Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Durations of the Pregnancy Trimesters

A

First Trimester: Last Menstrual period to Week 12
Second Trimester: Weeks 13 to 27
Third Trimester: Weeks 28 to 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

First Trimester
Weeks 3-8 is called …

A

embryonic period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

First Trimester
Week 9 until delivery is called …

A

fetal period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

First Trimester
Major event of Week 10

A

Placenta Formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

First Trimester
During Week 10, the Placenta takes over …

A

Progesterone Production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

First Trimester
What develops during First Trimester

A

Organ Systems of Embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

First Trimester
What may occur due to toxic exposure during Organ Development?

A

Congenital Abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

First Trimester
What happens to the Uterus during the First Trimester?

A

Enlarges and softens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

First Trimester
Complications

A

Ectopic Pregnancy
Mother-To-Child Transmission (MTCT)
Spontaenous Abortion/Miscarriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

First Trimester
Examples of MTCT

A

Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Congenital Syphilis
Congenital HIV
Congenital Hepatitis B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Second Trimester
Characteristics of fetus

A

Reaches Viability

Can survive outside the womb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Second Trimester
Characteristics of Uterus

A

Expands into abdomen
Quickening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Second Trimester
What is Quickening?

A

Woman becomes aware of fetal movements at 20 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Second Trimester
Morning Sickness

A

Effects recede as β-hCG concentration levels off

β-hCG is produced by Placenta and causes Morning Sickness symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Second Trimester
Complications

A

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Hemolytic Disease of Fetus/Newborn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Third Trimester
Characteristics of fetus

A

Fully formed and can survive outside womb

17
Q

Third Trimester
Which organs are not fully developed at this point?

A

Lungs (which is completed at 36 weeks)

18
Q

Third Trimester
Why may patients feel uncomfortable during this trimester?

A

Weight of Uterus and Contents
Esophageal Reflux
Edema
Venous Congestion causing Hemorrhoids and Low Extermity Varicosities

19
Q

Third Trimester
Complications

A

Preterm Labor (less than 37 weeks)
Relative Surfactant Deficiency causes Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Babies
Preeclampsia (high b.p. during pregnancy causing systemic vasoconstriction)

20
Q

Function of Placenta

A

Transfer:
Oxygen
Nutrients
Carbon Dioxide
Fetal Waste Products

21
Q

Which hormones are secreted by Placenta?

A

Progesterone
Estrogen
Relaxin
β-hCG
Human Placental Lactogen
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormones

22
Q

Where is Human Placental Lactogen produced?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast Cells

23
Q

Function of Human Placental Lactogen

A

Ensures fetus has Adequate Nutrition

24
Q

How does Human Placental Lactogen ensure that fetus has adequate nutrition?

A

Alters Mother’s metabolism including:
Increased glucose levels
Lowers glucose utilization
Increasing lipolysis

25
Q

Where is Corticotropic-Releasing Hormone produced?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

26
Q

Functions of Corticotropic-Releasing Hormone

A

Prostaglandin Production
Increasing DHEA Levels
Uterine Contractions (at term)
Regulation of Placental Blood Flow

27
Q

Placental Gaseous Transport Process

A
28
Q

Fill out the following about Nutrient Transport through Placenta

A
29
Q

How is the Fetus protected from Maternal Immune Responses?

A

Altered HLA Expression
Fas Ligand
Placental Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)

30
Q

Altered HLA Expression
Definition

A

Atypical HLA-G cell-surface proteins

31
Q

Altered HLA Expression
Function

A

Interact with mother’s Natural Killer Cells and Cytotoxic T Cells

32
Q

Altered HLA Expression
Where are they produced?

A

Trophoblast

33
Q

Fas Ligand
Function

A

Fas Ligand interacts with Fas Receptor on Maternal Lymphocytes causing Apoptosis

34
Q

Fas Ligand
Where are they produced?

A

Trophoblast Cells

35
Q

PlacentalIndoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase(IDO)
Function

A

Degrades Typtophan into Kynurenine

36
Q

PlacentalIndoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase(IDO)
Purpose of Typtophan Degradation

A

Maternal T Cels require Tryptophan for survival
Kynurenine inhibits T-cell development and survival

37
Q

PlacentalIndoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase(IDO)
Location of production

A

Placental Blastocyst

38
Q

What triggers passive immunity in the fetus?

A

Maternal IgG passes through placenta during Last Trimester of Pregnancy

Lasts for several months

39
Q

How does IgG cross the placenta?

A

Taken up by Endocytosis
Bind to intracellular Fc receptors
Transport IgG to fetal side of Placenta

MD2S3: Physiology 203 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions