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MD2S3: Physiology 203 > Female Reproductive Hormones > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Female Sex Hormones

A

Progesterones
Estrogens

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2
Q

Most common Female Reproductive Hormones

A

17β-estradiol
Progesterone

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3
Q

Secondary effects of the Female Reproductive Hormones

A

Breast Development
Wider Hips
Rounder Facial Features

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4
Q

Fill out the key features of a follicle

A
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5
Q

Fill out the process of Estrogen Synthesis

A
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6
Q

Estrogen Synthesis
Enzyme ____ converts cholesterol to prognenolone

A

desmolase

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7
Q

Estrogen Synthesis
Enzyme ____ converts androstenedione to 17β-estradiol

A

aromatase

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8
Q

Where may Androstenodione be produced in women?

A

Adrenal Gland

Refer to Male Reproductive Hormones Flashcard 4

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9
Q

Besides Ovarian Cells, where may aromatase be found?

A

Adipose Tissue
Liver
Pancreas
Bone
Adrenal Glands
Skin
Brain
Breasts

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10
Q

Fill out the process of Progesterone Synthesis

A
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11
Q

The pulsatile release of ____ from the ____ is responsible for reproductive changes

A

__GnRH__
__Hypothalamus__

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12
Q

What factors affect pulsatile release of GnRH?

A

Environment
Age
Time of month

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13
Q

What body functions may be affected by Estrogen and Progesterone?

A

Transcription
Translation

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14
Q

Similar pathway to other Steroid Hormones

How may Estrogen and Progesterone exert their action?

A

Internalization → Binding to Intracellular Receptors → Nuclear Binding

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15
Q

How are progesterone and estrogen transported around the body?

A

Bound to Sex-Binding Hormone Globulins

Produced in liver

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16
Q

What are ER and PR-positive breast cancers?

A

Means Estrogen and Progesterone stimulate cancer cell division

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17
Q

How can ER and PR-positive breast cancers treated?

A

Tamoxifen blocks hormone receptors

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18
Q

Functions of Estrogen

A

Initiates and promotes female characteristics
Developing and maintaining female reproductive tracts
Develops and maintains female secondary characteristics
Induces Progesterone receptors in several tissue (uterus, brain, breast)
Preparation for and maintaining pregnancy
Increasing HDL and decreasing LDL cholesterol
Increasing bone mass

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19
Q

What changes may estrogen promote to enable preparation for pregnancy?

A

Endometrial Proliferation
Breast Ductal System for Lactation

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20
Q

How may estradiol deficiency cause osteoporosis?

A

Decreases apoptosis of osteoclasts
Increases activity of osteoclasts

21
Q

Functions of Progesterone

A

Endometrium to Secretory Endometrium
Prepares Uterus for pregnancy
Increases body temperature

22
Q

What is the Ovulatory cycle?

A

Cycle of events in preparation for ovulation

23
Q

What is the Menstrual Cycle?

A

Cyclical Changes in the Uterine Endometrium

Aligns with Ovulatory Cycle

24
Q

What is atresia of the ova?

A

Steady degeneration of ova reducing their number

25
Q

What are Ovarian Follicles?

A

Oval structures where oocytes reside and develop

26
Q

What are the hormones of the Menstrual Cycle?

A

Estradiol
Estrogen
Progesterone

27
Q

What is the effect of Estradiol in the Menstrual Cycle?

A

Endometrium Thickening
Formation of Tubular Glands

28
Q

What is the effect of Estrogen in the Menstrual Cycle?

A

Progesterone Receptors on Endometrial Cells

29
Q

What is the effect of Progesterone in the Menstrual Cycle?

A

Glands become Tortuous
Decreased Mitotic Activity
Increased Glandular Secretions

30
Q

What are the phases of the Ovulatory Cycle?

A

Follicular Phase
Luteal Phase

31
Q

What are the phases of the Menstrual Cycle?

A

Menses
Proliferative
Secretory

32
Q

Fill out the following diagram on Estradiol Negative Feedback

A
33
Q

Fill out the following diagram on Progesterone Negative Feedback

A
34
Q

Which hormone from the ovary inhibits the anterior pituitary release of FSH?

A

Inhibin

35
Q

How are FSH and LH involved in the Ovulatory and Menstrual Cycle?

A

FSH+LH involved in Estrogen Synthesis
FSH = Stimulate Follicle Maturation before Ovulation
LH = Surge of LH incites ovulation

36
Q

What produces the Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)?

A

Developing embryo

37
Q

Function of hCG

A

Prevents degradation of Corpus Luteum which stimulates Progesterone Production to maintain Endometrium

38
Q

Ovulatory Cycle
Timings of each phase

A

Follicular Phase (Days 1-14)
Ovulation (Day 14)
Luteal Phase (Days 15-28)

39
Q

Ovulatory Cycle
Follicular Phase Events

A
40
Q

Ovulatory Cycle
Ovulation marks the end of the ____ and the beginning of the ____

A

__follicular phase__
__luteal phase__

41
Q

Ovulatory Cycle
Ovulation Events

A
42
Q

Ovulatory Cycle
Luteal Phase Events

A
43
Q

Menstrual Cycle
Timings of each phase

A

Menstrual Phase (Days 1-4)
Proliferative Phase (Days 4-14)
Secretory Phase (Days 15-28)

44
Q

Menstrual Cycle
What happens during the Menstrual Phase?

A

Menses

45
Q

Menstrual Cycle
What causes the Menstrual Phase?

A

Drop in Estrogen and Progesterone

46
Q

Menstrual Cycle
What causes the menses?

A

Fragmentation of Endometrial Glands
Thrombosis
Inflammatory Cell Infiltration
Degeneration of Endometrial Stroma

47
Q

Menstrual Cycle
Proliferative Phase Events

A
48
Q

Menstrual Events
Secretory Phase Events

A

MD2S3: Physiology 203 (13 decks)

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