Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD2S3: Physiology 203 > Posterior Pituitary Hormones > Flashcards

Posterior Pituitary Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What are the divisions of the pituitary gland/hypophysis?

A

Anterior pituitary/Adenohypophysis
Posterior pituitary/Neurohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Embryological origin of anterior pituitary

A

Pharyngeal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Embryological origin of posterior pituitary

A

Neural tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Key hormones secreted from anterior pituitary

A

Growth Hormone (GH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone/Corticotropic (ACTH)
Thyroid Simulating Hormone (TSH)
Leuteinizing Hormone (LH)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Prolactin (PRL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Key hormones secreted from posterior pituitary

A

Vasopressin/ADH
Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which nuclei supply the posterior pituitary?

A

Paraventricular nucleus
Supraoptic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chemical structure of oxytocin and vasopressin

A

Both contain 9 amino acids

Two amino acids vary between oxytocin and vasopressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is oxytocin synthesized?

A

Paraventricular nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is vasopressin synthesized?

A

Supraoptic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are the hormones transported to the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Through the hypothalamo-hypophysial tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are the posterior pituitary hormones transported around the body?

A

In combination with carrier protein neurophysin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the purpose of vasopressin?

A

Maintains blood pressure
Maintains serum osmolarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the vasopressin receptors?

A

V1A
V1B
V2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Binding of ADH to V1A receptors have the effects of …

A

Increasing blood pressure
Platelet aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

V1A receptors
Pathway to raising blood pressure

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

V1A receptors
Pathway to causing platelet aggregation

A
17
Q

What effect does V1B receptors have on the body?

A

Maintaining blood pressure

18
Q

Pathway for V1B to maintaining BP

A
19
Q

What effect does V2 have on the body?

A

Regulation of water reabsorption

20
Q

Pathway for V2 to affect water reabsorption

A

ADH binds to V2 receptors
Causes phosphorylation of aquaporins
Aquaporins enable water reabsorption

21
Q

Pathway for increasing ADH secretion

A
22
Q

How is the effect of ADH reduced?

A

Cortisol inhibits ADH release from pituitary
ANP inhibits ADH effect on renal collecting ducts

23
Q

What type of receptor are oxytocin receptors?

A

G protein-coupled receptors

24
Q

What are the target tissues for oxytocin binding?

A

Breast
Brain

25
Q

How does oxytocin affect the target tissue?

A

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase is activated
Signaling cascade causes altered gene expression

26
Q

Describe oxytocin sensitivity in third trimester

A

Estradiol levels increase causing more oxytocin receptor sensitivity in preparation for labour

27
Q

Describe response to oxytocin in first stage of labour

A
28
Q

What is the synthetic form of oxytocin?

A

Pitocin

29
Q

Purpose of pitocin

A

Initiate stronger contraction to hasten delivery
Used during postpartum hemorrhage to slow excess bleeding

30
Q

Why does oxytocin secretion continue after delivery?

A

Enables continued uterine contraction in postpartum period to help uterus reach pre-pregnancy size

31
Q

Pathway of oxytocin affecting breast milk secretion

A
32
Q

What regions of the central nervous system can oxytocin affect?

A

Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Basal Ganglia

33
Q

How does oxytocin affect the hypothalamus?

A

Reduces stress by CRH-ACTH-Cortisol Axis
Promotes nurturing and bonding behaviors

34
Q

How does oxytocin affect the amygdala?

A

Reduces activity in the amygdala (Reduces fear, anxiety, and aggression)

35
Q

How does oxytocin affect the basal ganglia?

A

Stimulates the ventral striatum which processes motivation and reward

Ventral striatum is activated by feelings of love, anticipation, and interpersonal social rewards

36
Q

What other behavioural effects may oxytocin have?

A

Maternal-fetal bonding
Motivation and reward
Group decision-making and teamwork
Negative memories
Behavioral release (reduces pain associated with stress)
Sexual stimulation and orgasm

MD2S3: Physiology 203 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions