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MD2S3: Physiology 203 > Adrenal Medullary Hormones > Flashcards

Adrenal Medullary Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What type of molecule is adrenaline?

A

Catecholamine

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2
Q

Which tissues produce catecholamines?

A

Brain
Nervous Tissue
Adrenal Gland

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3
Q

What are the functions of catecholamines?

A

Act as neurotransmitters when released by brain and nervous system
Act as hormones when released into blood by adrenal gland

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4
Q

All catecholamines are …

A

… monoamine molecules

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5
Q

What is adrenaline derived from?

A

Phenylalanine

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6
Q

Dopamine is a ____ to adrenaline

A

____ precursor ____

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7
Q

Where is dopamine produced?

A

Adrenal Medulla

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8
Q

Is dopamine released by the adrenal gland?

A

No it acts as a neurotransmitter in the CNS

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9
Q

How does dopamine effect the blood vessels?

A

Vasoconstriction

Can be used in patients with septicemia

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10
Q

Which receptors does adrenaline bind to?

A

α2
β1
β2

Adrenaline does not bind strongly to α1 receptors which prevents it from exerting α1-adrenergic action which causes constiction of blood vessels

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11
Q

What type of receptors are adrenergic receptors?

A

G-protein coupled receptors

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12
Q

What are the effects of adrenaline?

A

Increases heart rate
Increases force of contraction
Causes vasodilation
Relaxes bronchi
Promotes conversion of glycogen to glucose
Inhibits insulin release

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13
Q

In what clinical cases can adrenaline be used?

A

Anaphylactic reaction

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14
Q

Binding of adrenaline to α2 receptors causes …

A

inhibition of lipolysis and of insulin release

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15
Q

Binding of adrenaline to β1 receptors causes …

A

Increase heart rate
Increasing ventricular contractility
Increase renin secretion

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16
Q

When is adrenaline released?

A

Under stressful situations:
Fear
Pain
Anxiety
Surgery
High and low temp.

17
Q

Signals to increase adrenal synthesis come from …

A

… neural and hormonal inputs

18
Q

Describe the pathway of neural action of adrenaline

A
19
Q

Describe the hormonal pathway of catecholamine synthesis

A

ACTH binds to adrenal medulla receptors
Stimulate catecholamine synthesis by inducing key enzymes

20
Q

What effect does serum adrenaline concentration affect adrenaline secretion?

A

Adrenaline secretion does not downregulate its own secretion

21
Q

In the condition ____, a person’s adrenaline levels can get very high

A

pheochromocytoma

22
Q

What are the potential outcomes of adrenaline?

A

Taken up into the nerve terminals
Diluted in bloodstream
Metabolized by enzymes monoamine oxidaseandcatechol-O-methyl transferase

MD2S3: Physiology 203 (13 decks)

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