Preflight Requirements & Flight Planning Flashcards
What is a good preflight checklist used to mitigate risk?
PAVE checklist
P - Pilot (IMSAFE)
A - Aircraft (Airworthiness + Inspections)
V - EnVironment (weather, terrain, RWYs)
E - External Pressures (social factors)
What are your personal IFR mins?
Circling minimums
What are the benefits of Personal mins?
- Helps us identify when we may be encountering a condition that may be unsafe for your level of experience or proficiency.
- Creates a clear line between legal and safe.
What preflight requirements are placed on pilots by the FAA?
FAR 91.103
Must review the following:
N - Notams
W - Weather (reports+forecasts)
K - Known ATC delays
R - RWY lengths at airports
A - Alternative plans
F - Fuel requirements
T - T/O and LDG data
NWKRAFT
What fuel requirements must be met for an IFR flight?
FAR 91.167
- Have enough to fly to destination
+ - Enough to fly to the Alternate (if requried)
+ - Then an additional 45 mins at normal cruising speed
*Keep in mind that these are FAA minimums. You should always plan for more.
*You must also take weather into your fuel planning
Are you required to go to your FILED alternate airport if you cannot make it in to your destination?
- No, any nearby airport with an appropriate IAP can be used.
- The filed alternate is for fuel planning purposes
What are some reasons why it would be a good idea to plan for more fuel than what is required by FAR 91.167?
- You may be placed in a Hold
- Strong headwinds may increase
- You may need to shoot multiple approaches to make it in to your destination
- Fuel may not be available at your destination or it may be broke (call ahead)
*Its a good idea to plan your alternate far away. That way you have an additional fuel buffer
What preflight checks should be made on your GPS?
- Ensure you GPS is properly IFR certified (AFM)
- Verify Database is current
- NOTAMs for GPS & WAAS outages
- Check RAIM availability (non-WAAS recievers)
- Make sure the GPS manual is onboard (Garmin manual)
- Check that your ground based NAVAID equipment is functional (VOR 30 day check)
- Check NAVAID NOTAMs
What is RAIM?
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)
- Alerts us if our GPS signal becomes unreliable for navigation
When are we required to perform a RAIM check?
AIM 5-1-16
- If your aircraft has TSO-129 (non-WAAS) GPS equipment for RNAV and RNP functions.
- If your aircraft has TSO-145/146 (WAAS), you are not required to do a RAIM check if WAAS coverage is confirmed to be available
When are we allowed to skip the RAIM availability check?
AIM 5-1-16
- When we have a TSO-145/146 (WAAS) equipped aircraft
- And WAAS coverage along the route is predicted to be available
What does TSO-120 mean?
The aircraft has an approved GPS for IFR navigation that is NOT WAAS equipped but may have RAIM
What does TSO-146/146
The aircraft has an approved GPS for IFR navigation that IS WAAS equipped. (may or may not have RAIM)
What are a few ways we can do a RAIM check?
- FSS can provide RAIM prediction for 1hr before to 1hr after ETA
- FAA SAPT (Service Availability Prediction Tool) Website.
- The receiver itself may have a RAIM prediction tool (Garmin)
Who is responsible for ensuring the aircraft is in airworthy condition?
FAR 91.7
The Pilot In Command
What equipment is required for IFR flight?
FAR 91.205
ATOMOTOFLAMES+KOEL +
G - Generator/Alternator
R - Radio (Nav/Comm)
A - Altimeter
B - Ball (slip/skid)
C - Clock
A - Attitude indicator
R - Rate of Turn indicator
D - Direction Gyro (HSI)
D - DME or RNAV for flight at or above FL240 if VOR is required for route
In addition to GRABCARD, what other IFR equipment is required ?
FAR 91.205
DME or RNAV for flight at or above FL240 if VOR equipment is required for route
What aircraft inspections are required?
FAR 91.171, 207, 403, 409, 417, 411, 413.
A - ADs
A - Annual inspection:12 months
V - VOR inspection: 30 days
1 - 100hr inspection (if for hire or CFI uses it to instruct)
A - Altimeter/pitot static system every 24 months
T - Transponder every 24 months
E - ELT every 12 months
How will you determine if your aircraft is still airworthy when something breaks? (assume no MEL)
FAR 91.213(d) AC 91-67
- Check the TCDS
- Check 91.205 for ATOMATOFLAMES and GRABCARD
- Check the KOEL
- Check ADs
If the equipment falls on any of these lists than the aircraft is not airworthy
What must be done to broken equipment that does NOT make the aircraft un-airworthy
FAR 91.213
- Part must be removed or Deactivated
- Item must be placarded
- You must log this event in the MX logs
Can you use Cell Phones or PEDs on an IFR flight?
FAR 91.21
No, UNLESS the operator of the aircraft has determined that it will not interfere with NAV/COMM
Are Electronic flight Bags an approved replacement for paper charts?
AC 91-78
Yes, but its a good idea to have a back up
What documents are required to be onboard the aircraft for each flight?
FAR 91.9, 203
A - Airworthiness cert
R - Registration cert
R - Radio (if operating outside US)
O - Operating Limitations (AFM, Placards & Markings)
W - Weight and Balance
- GPS AFM Supplement/User guide, compass deviation card, and external serial number
What aircraft documentation SHOULD be onboard the aircraft if it has an IFR approved GPS?
GPS AFM supplement or the GPS user guide (Garmin pilot user guide)
How often are GPS databases required to be updated?
Navigation - every 28 days
Obstacles - every 56 days
Terrain - As needed
Airport maps - As needed
Can a GPS with an expired database be used under IFR?
AIM 1-1-16/17, AC 90-100
The navigation database contained in the GPS is required to be current if it is used for IFR approaches.
*Some units allow you to confirm that your selected waypoints using the outdated FMS database are current using an alternate means of verification (Garmin Pilot updated charts)
Who is allowed to update the GPS/FMS database?
Pilots can, provided that no disassembly is required.
When using GPS, when are you required to have an alternate means of navigation?
AIM 1-1-17
- Using TSO-129/196 (non-WAAS)
- Active monitoring of the alternate means of navigation is required if the equipment does not have, or loses RAIM.
When are you required to actively monitor alternate means of navigation when using GPS?
AIM 1-1-17
- When RAIM is lost or not available in TSO-129/196 (non-WAAS) equipment
Besides the higher accuracy of WAAs equipped GPS unites, what other advantage is provided?
You are not required to monitor any alternate means of navigation.
How do you know what type of operations your GPS is approved for?
Reference the AFM Supplement for the GPS to determine its limitations
Can you use a handheld GPS for IFR ops?
NO, they may only be used to enhance Situational Awareness